永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.4 & I 8.4.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.4 & I 8.4.3).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求，其他內容請參考https://sustainableforest.blogspot.com/。

8. Operation運營

8.4 Maintenance, conservation and appropriate enhancement of biological diversity in forest ecosystems.

8.4維護、保護和適當增強森林生態系統中的生物多樣性

8.4.3 The protected, threatened and endangered plant and animal species shall not be exploited for commercial purposes. Where necessary, measures shall be taken for their protection and, where relevant, to increase their population.

Note: The requirement does not preclude trade according to CITES requirements.

8.4.3 不得商業性開發受保護、瀕危和滅絕危險的動植物物種。必要時，應採取措施保護它們，並在相關情況下增加其數量。

註：此要求不排除根據《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》（CITES）的貿易。

可能資料的整備：

       對於受到法律保護或面臨生存危機的動植物，不得為了商業利益進行捕獵、採集或交易。對於這些物種，組織應採取積極的保護措施，例如建立保護區、進行人工復育等。對於部分受到《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》(CITES) 規範的物種，在符合該公約規定的前提下，是可以進行有限度的貿易的。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.         列出森林中受保護、受威脅和瀕危的動植物物種。

2.         針對每種瀕危物種，制定詳細的保護計畫，包括:執法、復育、監測等措施。

3.         如果涉及到CITES規範的物種貿易，應提供相關的許可證。

4.         提供員工培訓紀錄，說明員工了解並遵守相關的保護規定。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified. For more information, please refer to https://sustainableforest.blogspot.com/.

8. Operation

8.4 Maintenance, conservation and appropriate enhancement of biological diversity in forest ecosystems.

8.4.3 The protected, threatened and endangered plant and animal species shall not be exploited for commercial purposes. Where necessary, measures shall be taken for their protection and, where relevant, to increase their population.

Note: The requirement does not preclude trade according to CITES requirements.

Preparation of possible information:

       Animals and plants that are protected by law or in danger of survival must not be hunted, gathered or traded for commercial gain. For these species, organizations should take active conservation measures, such as establishing protected areas, artificial restoration, etc. Some species regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) can be traded to a limited extent, subject to the Convention's requirements.

Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:

1.         List protected, threatened, and endangered species of flora and fauna in the forest.

2.         For each endangered species, a detailed conservation plan is developed, including: law enforcement, rehabilitation, monitoring and other measures.

3.         If trade in CITES-regulated species is involved, the relevant licence should be provided.

4.     Provide staff training records to show that employees understand and comply with the relevant protection requirements.