永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.3)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.3)

 

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 10.3. The Organization shall only use alien species when knowledge and/or experience have shown that any invasive impacts can be controlled and effective mitigation measures are in place.

準則10.3. 惟有當知識及/或經驗顯示入侵影響能被控制且減緩措施能有效執行時，組織方可採用外來種。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.     組織人員應能說明目前的造林樹種是否為外來樹種?及採用外來樹種理由(如果有使用)。

2.     組織能提供採用外來樹種(如果有使用)，所進行的控制且減緩措施文件及不造成外擴的證據事實。

3.     現地訪視，確認組織所採用的外來造林樹種，以依所訂的措施，已有效受到控制。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 10.3. The Organization shall only use alien species when knowledge and/or experience have shown that any invasive impacts can be controlled and effective mitigation measures are in place.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1. The organization should be able to explain whether the current afforestation species is alien and the reason for using the alien species (if any).

2. The organization can provide documentation of the use of alien species (if used), documentation of control and mitigation measures carried out, and evidence of the fact that there is no outreach.

3. On-site visits to confirm that the alien afforestation species used by the organization are effectively controlled by measures set.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.2)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.2)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 10.2. The Organization shall use species for regeneration that are ecologically well adapted to the site and to the management objectives. The Organization shall use native species and local genotypes for regeneration, unless there is clear and convincing justification for using others.

準則10.2. 組織應使用立地生態適應性佳，並符合經營目標之樹種進行更新。除非有明確且具說服力使用其他樹種之原因，組織應採用原生樹種及當地基因型樹種進行更新。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.         組織人員應能說明伐採後，所採用的樹種與更新造林目的一致。

2.         組織能提供造林程序書或經營計畫書，顯示造林的樹種與目標。

3.         現地訪視，確認組織所採用的更新樹種，符合更新目標及經營計畫目標。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 10.2. The Organization shall use species for regeneration that are ecologically well adapted to the site and to the management objectives. The Organization shall use native species and local genotypes for regeneration, unless there is clear and convincing justification for using others.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.         The organization should be able to explain that the tree species used after harvesting are consistent with the purpose of reforestation.

2.         The organization can provide an afforestation procedure or forest management plan showing the species and goals of the afforestation.

3.         On-site visits to confirm that the organization and the regeneration species used are in line with the renewal goals and management plan goals.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 10.1. After harvest or in accordance with the management plan, The Organization shall, by natural or artificial regeneration methods, regenerate vegetation cover in a timely fashion to pre-harvesting or more Natural conditions.

準則10.1. 伐採後或配合經營計畫，組織應以天然或人工更新方法，及時恢復植被至伐採前或更自然之狀態。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織應人員應能說明採伐後，組織在什麼情況下，會透過森林本身的更新能力，讓樹木自然生長)或人工播種或植苗，以促進森林更新，在合理的時間內恢復森林植被。

2.        訪談員工與現地訪視，確認組織已進行相關更新作業活動。更新後的森林植被，已盡量接近採伐前的原有樹種組成、森林結構與生態功能的自然狀態。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 10.1. After harvest or in accordance with the management plan, The Organization shall, by natural or artificial regeneration methods, regenerate vegetation cover in a timely fashion to pre-harvesting or more Natural conditions.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        The organization staff should be able to explain the circumstances under which the organization will allow the trees to grow naturally through the regeneration capacity of the forest itself after harvesting or artificially sow seeds or seedlings to promote forest regeneration in a reasonable time.

2.        Interviews with employees and on-site visits to confirm that the organization has carried out relevant regeneration activities. The regenerated forest vegetation is as close as possible to the natural state of the original tree species composition, forest structure and ecological function before logging.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 2.4)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 2.4)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 2.4. The Organization shall pay wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized forest industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. When none of these exist, The Organization shall through engagement with workers develop mechanisms for determining living wages.

準則2.4. 組織支付之工資應符合或超過最低林業工資標準，或其他經認可之林業工資協議或最低生活費，且皆高於法定最低工資。當這些規範都不存在時，組織應與勞工共同建立決定生活費之機制。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織要確保林業工人得到的薪資至少能達到以下標準：法律要求的最少薪資、林業界的慣行薪資 (如果有)、能維持基本生活的薪資，因此驗證時，提供法律要求的最低薪資文件、組織的各層級薪資結構表等。

2.        訪談與現地訪視，確認勞工薪資水準符合法定標準等。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 2.4. The Organization shall pay wages that meet or exceed minimum forest industry standards or other recognized forest industry wage agreements or living wages, where these are higher than the legal minimum wages. When none of these exist, The Organization shall through engagement with workers develop mechanisms for determining living wages.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        The organization should ensure that forestry workers are paid at least the minimum salary required by law, the customary salary of the forestry industry (if available), and the wage for basic maintenance, and therefore provide the minimum wage required by law, the salary structure of the various levels of the organization, etc. for verification.

2.        Interviews and on-site visits to confirm that the wage level of workers meets the statutory standards, etc.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 2.5)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 2.5)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 2.5. The Organization shall demonstrate that workers have job-specific training and supervision to safely and effectively implement the management plan and all management activities.

準則 2.5. 組織應證明勞工有接受專業工作培訓與監督管理，使其安全並有效地執行經營計畫與所有經營活動。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織應提供相關程序書、表單、及職務教育訓練紀錄，內容包括:讓員工具備安全有效地執行森林經營計畫和所有經營活動(例如:伐採、撫育、苗圃、治山工程、育樂、保育等)所需的知識和技能 (例如: 工作安全、工作程序、設備操作、環境保護、緊急應變等)。

2.        訪談勞工與現地訪視，確認勞工已接受專業工作培訓與監督等。

3.        必要時組織可以評估訓練的效果，並進行必要的調整。

4.        組織應有監督機制，確保勞工遵守安全和作業規範，例如:監工不定時監督與紀錄缺失。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 2.5. The Organization shall demonstrate that workers have job-specific training and supervision to safely and effectively implement the management plan and all management activities.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        The organization should provide relevant procedures, forms, and job education and training records, including equipping employees with the knowledge and skills required to safely and effectively implement the forest management plan and all business activities (e.g., logging, tending, nursery, construction projects, recreation area maintenance, conservation activities, etc.).

2.        Interviews with workers and on-site visits to confirm that workers have received professional job training and supervision, etc.

3.        If necessary, the organization can evaluate the effectiveness of the training and make the necessary adjustments.

4.     The organization should have monitoring mechanisms in place to ensure that they comply with safety and operational practices, e.g. unscheduled supervision by supervisors and recording the defects.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 2.6)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 2.6)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 2.6. The Organization through engagement with workers shall have mechanisms for resolving grievances and for providing fair compensation to workers for loss or damage to property, Occupational diseases, or Occupational injuries sustained while working for The Organization.

準則 2.6. 組織應與勞工共同建立申訴解決之機制，於勞工為組織工作期間所導致之財產損失或損壞、職業疾病或持續性職業傷害，提供公平合理補償。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織應提供申訴解決機制、相關程序書、表單、及/或勞資會議紀錄。

2.        組織申訴解決機制，內容可包括:有關於勞工的申訴管道(例如:薪資、工作條件、安全疑慮等的申訴)、溝通協商紀錄(例如:組織與勞工及其代表進行溝通協商會議等)、與合理補償(例如: 勞工的財產損失、職業病或職業傷害的公平合理補償)。

3.        訪談勞工與當地相關政府機構，確認組織已建立申訴解決之機制等。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 2.6. The Organization through engagement with workers shall have mechanisms for resolving grievances and for providing fair compensation to workers for loss or damage to property, Occupational diseases, or Occupational injuries sustained while working for The Organization.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        The organization should provide grievance resolution mechanisms, relevant procedures, forms, and/or collective management meeting for verification.

2.        The mechanisms include the establishment of grievance channels regarding workers (e.g., grievances about wages, working conditions, safety concerns, etc.), communication and negotiation records (e.g., organizing communication and consultation meetings with workers and their representatives, etc.), and reasonable compensation (e.g., fair and reasonable compensation for workers' property damage, occupational diseases or occupational injuries).

3.        Interviews with workers and relevant local government agencies to confirm that the organization has established a grievance resolution mechanism, etc.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 2.3)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 2.3)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 2.3. The Organization shall implement health and safety practices to protect workers from occupational safety and health hazards. These practices shall, proportionate to scale, intensity and risk of management activities, meet or exceed the recommendations of the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work.

準則2.3. 組織應執行健康與安全規範，使勞工免於職業安全衛生之危害。規範應切合經營活動之規模、強度及風險，並達到或超過國際勞工組織《林業安全衛生作業規程》之建議。

可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織提供勞工安全工作程序，涵蓋伐木、運輸、工程、施藥等作業活動。

2.        組織提供職前健康與安全教育訓練紀錄，內容包括最新的安全信息和法規、林業作業中常見的危害、安全工作程序、個人防護設備的使用等。

3.        組織提供定期檢查和維護設備紀錄，內容包括作業前，設備堪用、領用等紀錄，以確保其處於安全的工作狀態。

4.        訪談與現地訪視，確認勞工正確佩戴和使用個人防護設備，例如安全帽、護目鏡、耳罩、防塵口罩、安全靴和手套等。

5.        組織在作業前可以進行風險評估，識別潛在的危險因素並採取控制措施。提供所紀錄發生的事故(包含事故頻率與因事故發生致無法作業時間)，針對重大事故和職業病，有調整與修正安全措施。

6.        組織可以針對勞工經常暴露於粉塵、噪音或其他危害的提供健康監測計畫，例如:定期健檢等。

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The 10 principles and 70 criteria of FSC FM Standard are universally applied. Therefore, when applying for the pre-audit or annual audit of FSC FM certification on national, public, and private forestlands, managers can consider preparing the following data sources and other factors for verification:

Criterion 2.3. The Organization shall implement health and safety practices to protect workers from occupational safety and health hazards. These practices shall, proportionate to scale, intensity and risk of management activities, meet or exceed the recommendations of the ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Forestry Work.

Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        The organization provides labor safety work procedures, covering logging, transportation, engineering, pesticide application and other operational activities.

2.        The organization provides health and safety training records, including the newest safety information and regulations, common hazards in forestry operations, safe work procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment.

3.        The organization provides regular inspection and maintenance records of equipments, including records of equipment use and use before operation, to ensure that its working condition.

4.        Interviews and on-site visits to confirm that workers are properly wearing and using personal protective equipment, such as helmets, goggles, earmuffs, dust masks, safety boots and gloves.

5.        The organization could conduct risk assessments to identify potential risk factors and take control measures before operations. Provide the recorded accidents (including the frequency of accidents and the time of inability to work due to accidents), and adjust and correct safety measures for major accidents and occupational diseases.

6.        Organization could provide health & safety monitoring programs for workers who are frequently exposed to dust, noise, or other hazards, such as regular health check-ups.