永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.6)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 6.6)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 6.6. The Organization shall effectively maintain the continued existence of naturally occurring native species and genotypes, and prevent losses of biological diversity, especially through habitat management in the Management unit. The Organization shall demonstrate that effective measures are in place to manage and control hunting, fishing, trapping and collecting.

準則6.6. 組織應特別透過經營單元內棲息地管理，有效維護自然存續之原生物種和基因型，防止生物多樣性流失。針對狩獵、捕撈、誘捕及採集之管理和控制，組織應證明已採取有效措施。

一、可能資料來源的整備：

1.        組織提供相關文件，例如: 原生生態系統代表性樣區的資訊(森林植被、地形地貌、水文狀況等)、地圖、範圍; 保護措施、監測計畫與結果等書面資訊。

2.        針對狩獵、捕撈、誘捕及採集之管理和控制，組織提供程序書及表單，確認有效管理與控制。

3.        組織訪談的人員類型:組織業辦人員、社區成員、政府官員、環境專家等。

二、其他因素：

1.        組織應訂定明確保護或復育目標、範圍、措施、責任分工等保護/復育措施。

2.        應根據監測結果，調適保護或復育措施; 由社區及專家參與，共同制定和實施保護或復育計畫。

3.        如果原生生態系統代表性樣區不足，則制定復育計畫。復育計畫應基於科學研究和生態專家的建議，並符合當地生態系統特徵，恢復部分經營單位至更自然的狀態。例如:使用本地原生樹種進行造林，恢復森林結構和功能; 清除入侵物種、改善水文狀況、營造適合物種生存的環境，以改善棲息地; 停止立地干擾，讓自然演替過程逐步恢復原生生態系統等。 

重點稽核項目	稽核內容
原生物種和基因型多樣性調查	組織是否有系統性地調查原生物種和基因型多樣性？
棲息地管理	組織是否有採取措施管理棲息地，以保護原生物種和基因型多樣性？
狩獵、捕魚、捕獸和採集管理	組織是否有採取措施管理狩獵、捕魚、捕獸和採集？

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Regarding the FSC FM standard, its 10 principles and 70 criteria are globally applicable. Therefore, when applying for FSC FM verification, forest management operators in the public, private, and governmental sectors can consider the following sources of information and other factors for preparation:

Criterion 6.6. The Organization shall effectively maintain the continued existence of naturally occurring native species and genotypes, and prevent losses of biological diversity, especially through habitat management in the Management unit. The Organization shall demonstrate that effective measures are in place to manage and control hunting, fishing, trapping, and collecting.

Possible sources of information for preparation:

1. The organization provides relevant documents, such as basic information on representative samples of the original ecosystem (forest vegetation, topography, hydrology, etc.), maps, and boundaries; written information on protective measures, monitoring plans, and results.
2. For the management and control of hunting, fishing, trapping, and collecting, the organization provides procedural documents and forms to confirm effective management and control.
3. Types of personnel interviewed by the organization: organization staff, community members, government officials, environmental experts, etc.

Other factors to consider:

1. The organization should establish clear protection or restoration goals, scope, measures, and division of responsibilities for protection/restoration measures.
2. Adaptive protection or restoration measures should be developed based on monitoring results, with participation from the community and experts in jointly formulating and implementing protection or restoration plans.
3. If representative samples of the original ecosystem are lacking, a restoration plan should be developed. The restoration plan should be based on scientific research and recommendations from ecological experts, and should conform to local ecosystem characteristics, restoring some management units to a more natural state. For example: reforestation using local native species to restore forest structure and functionality; removal of invasive species, improvement of hydrological conditions, creation of environments suitable for species survival to improve habitats; cessation of site disturbances to allow the natural succession process to gradually restore the original ecosystem, etc.

Key items	Contents
Survey of native species and genotypic diversity	Does the organization systematically survey native species and genotypic diversity?
Habitat management	Does the organization take steps to manage habitats to protect native species and genotypic diversity?
Hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering management	Does the organization take steps to manage hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering?