永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.2 & I 8.2.8)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.2 & I 8.2.8).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

8. Operation運營

8.2 Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality.

8.2維護森林生態系統的健康和活力

8.2.8 The WHO Class 1A and 1B pesticides and other highly toxic pesticides shall be prohibited, except where no other viable alternative is available. Any exception to the usage of WHO Class 1A and 1B pesticides shall be defined in the national/regional standard.

8.2.8 應禁止使用WHO 1A類和1B類農藥以及其他高毒性農藥，除非無其他可行的替代方案。對使用WHO 1A類和1B類農藥的任何例外情況，應在國家/地區標準中明確規定。

可能資料的整備：

       為了保護環境和人體健康，應儘量避免使用毒性最高的殺蟲劑。在極少數情況下，若沒有其他可行的替代品，才可使用 WHO 1A 和 1B 類殺蟲劑，但必須符合國家或地區的相關規定。 對於任何例外情況，組織必須能夠提供充分的理由和文件證明。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.         提供一份詳細的農藥使用清單，明確列出所有使用的農藥種類，並標示其毒性等級。

2.         對於使用 WHO 1A 和 1B 類殺蟲劑的情況，必須提供一份詳細的替代方案評估報告，說明為何沒有其他可行的替代品。

3.         提供相關文件證明，顯示組織在使用 WHO 1A 和 1B 類殺蟲劑時，已符合國家或地區的相關規定。

4.         對於使用高毒性農藥的區域，應進行風險評估，以評估其對環境和人體健康的潛在影響。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

8. Operation

8.2 Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality.

8.2.8 The WHO Class 1A and 1B pesticides and other highly toxic pesticides shall be prohibited, except where no other viable alternative is available. Any exception to the usage of WHO Class 1A and 1B pesticides shall be defined in the national/regional standard.

Preparation of possible information:

       In order to protect the environment and human health, the use of the most toxic pesticides should be avoided as much as possible. In rare cases, WHO Groups 1A and 1B pesticides can only be used if there are no other viable alternatives, but only in accordance with national or regional regulations. For any exceptions, the organization must be able to provide sufficient justification and documentary proof.

Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:

1.         Provide a detailed list of pesticide use, clearly listing all types of pesticide used and indicating their toxicity rating.

2.         For the use of WHO group 1A and 1B pesticides, a detailed assessment of alternatives must be provided as to why no other viable alternatives are available.

3.         Provide documentation showing that the organization has complied with national or regional regulations when using WHO Group 1A and 1B pesticides.

4.         For areas where highly toxic pesticides are used, a risk assessment should be carried out to assess their potential impact on the environment and human health.