8. Operation運營
8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their
contribution to the global carbon cycle.
8.1維護或適當增強森林資源及其對全球碳循環的貢獻
8.1.6 if conversion of severely degraded forests to forest plantations is
being considered, it must add economic, ecological, social and/or cultural
value. Precondition of adding such value are circumstances where the
conversion:
a) is in compliance with national and regional policy and legislation
applicable for land use and forest management and is a result of national or
regional land-use planning governed by a governmental or other official
authority; and
b) is established based on a decision-making basis where affected
stakeholders have opportunities to contribute to the decision-making on
conversion through transparent and participatory consultation processes; and
c) has a positive impact on long-term carbon sequestration capacity of
forest vegetation; and
d) does not have negative impacts on ecologically important forest areas,
culturally and socially significant areas, or other protected areas; and
e) safeguards protective functions of forests for society and other
regulating or supporting ecosystem services; and
f) safeguards socio-economic functions of forests, including the
recreational function and aesthetic values of forests and other cultural
services; and
g) has a land history providing evidence that the degradation is not the
consequence of deliberate poor forest management practices; and
h) is based on credible evidence demonstrating that the area is neither
recovered nor in the process of recovery.
8.1.6 如果考慮將嚴重退化的森林轉換為森林人工林，則必須增加經濟、生態、社會和/或文化價值。增加這些價值的前提條件包括： a) 符合土地使用和森林經營的國家和地區政策和法律，並且是由政府或其他官方機構管理的國家或地區土地利用規劃的結果； b) 基於受影響利害關係人有機會透過透明和參與式的諮詢過程對轉換進行貢獻的決策基礎上建立； c) 對森林植被的長期碳固定能力產生積極影響； d) 不對生態重要森林區域、文化和社會重要區域或其他受保護區域造成負面影響； e) 維護森林對社會及其他調節或支持生態系統服務的保護功能； f) 維護森林的社會經濟功能，包括森林的娛樂功能和景觀價值以及其他文化服務； g) 具有土地歷史，證明該區域的退化不是故意惡劣森林經營實務的後果； h) 基於可靠證據顯示該地區既未恢復也未在恢復過程中。
可能資料的整備：
如果考慮將嚴重退化的森林轉換為人工林，必須符合國家和區域政策法規、有參與式決策、能增加碳儲存、無負面影響能保護生態功能、能維護休閒功能和美學價值等社會經濟功能、非人為退化、證據顯示該區域尚未恢復或正在恢復中。
因此組織應準備以下資料：
1.
提供轉換計畫，內容包括:轉換的原因、範圍、影響評估和緩解措施。
2.
提供相關的國家和區域政策法規，證明轉換符合法律規定。
3.
提供與利害相關方進行諮詢和協商的紀錄，證明他們的參與。
4.
進行生態、社會、經濟等方面的影響評估，確保轉換不會產生負面影響。
5.
評估轉換區域的碳儲量，確保轉換可以增加碳儲存。
6.
評估轉換區域的生態功能，確保不會破壞重要的生態服務。
7.
評估轉換對當地社區的經濟和社會效益。
8.
提供證據證明森林退化是非人為因素。
9.
提供證據證明該區域無恢復或沒有在恢復中。
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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So,
what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest
managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into
PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:
8. Operation
8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their
contribution to the global carbon cycle.
8.1.6 if conversion of severely degraded forests to forest plantations is
being considered, it must add economic, ecological, social and/or cultural
value. Precondition of adding such value are circumstances where the
conversion:
a) is in compliance with national and regional policy and legislation
applicable for land use and forest management and is a result of national or
regional land-use planning governed by a governmental or other official
authority; and
b) is established based on a decision-making basis where affected
stakeholders have opportunities to contribute to the decision-making on
conversion through transparent and participatory consultation processes; and
c) has a positive impact on long-term carbon sequestration capacity of
forest vegetation; and
d) does not have negative impacts on ecologically important forest areas,
culturally and socially significant areas, or other protected areas; and
e) safeguards protective functions of forests for society and other
regulating or supporting ecosystem services; and
f) safeguards socio-economic functions of forests, including the
recreational function and aesthetic values of forests and other cultural
services; and
g) has a land history providing evidence that the degradation is not the
consequence of deliberate poor forest management practices; and
h) is based on credible evidence demonstrating that the area is neither
recovered nor in the process of recovery.
Preparation of possible information:
If highly degraded forests
are to be considered for plantation, they must comply with national and
regional policies and regulations, have participatory decision-making, increase
carbon stocks, protect ecological functions without negative impacts, maintain
socio-economic functions such as recreational functions and aesthetic values,
be non-anthropogenic degradation, and have evidence that the area has not been
restored or is recovering.
Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:
1.
Provide a transformation
plan that includes: the reason, scope, impact assessment, and mitigation
measures for the transition.
2.
Provide relevant
national and regional policies and regulations to demonstrate that the
conversion is in compliance with the law.
3.
Provide a record of
consultation and consultation with stakeholders to demonstrate their
involvement.
4.
Conduct ecological,
social, economic and other impact assessments to ensure that the transition
does not have a negative impact.
5.
Assess the carbon stocks
in the conversion area to ensure that the conversion can increase carbon
storage.
6.
Assess the ecological
function of the conversion area to ensure that important ecological services
are not disrupted.
7.
Assess the economic and
social benefits of the conversion to the local community.
8. Provide evidence that forest degradation is non-anthropogenic.
9. Provide evidence that the area is not being restored or is not recovering
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