有關永續的、可持續性的森林經營...: 10月 2024

2024年10月5日星期六

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.4 & I 7.4.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.4 & I 7.4.1).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

7.4 Complaints抱怨

7.4.1 Appropriate mechanisms are in place for resolving complaints and disputes relating to forest management operations, land use rights and work conditions.

7.4.1 建立適當的機制來解決與森林經營作業、土地使用權和工作條件相關的抱怨和爭議。

可能資料的整備：

組織應提供一個明確，能讓員工、勞工、當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關方易於使用的申訴管道，用以解決與森林經營作業、土地使用權和工作條件相關的申訴和爭議。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 一份抱怨處理程序書，說明如何提出申訴、如何調查申訴，以及如何做出決策。

2. 保留所有申訴的記錄，包括申訴內容、調查結果、處理決定等。

3. 如果申訴無法透過內部機制解決，組織應有外部仲裁機制，例如:調解委員會等。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

7.4 Complaints

7.4.1 Appropriate mechanisms are in place for resolving complaints and disputes relating to forest management operations, land use rights and work conditions.

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations should provide a clear grievance channel that is easily accessible to employees, labor, local communities, Indigenous peoples and other stakeholders to resolve grievances and disputes related to forest management practices, land tenure and working conditions.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. A complaint handling procedure that explains how to file a grievance, how to investigate the grievance, and how to make a decision.

2. Keep a record of all grievances, including the content of the appeal, the outcome of the investigation, the handling decision, etc.

3. If the grievance cannot be resolved through internal mechanisms, the organization should have an external arbitration mechanism, such as a mediation committee.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.5 & I 7.5.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.5 & I 7.5.1).

7.5 Documented Information文件化資訊

7.5.1 The organization’s management system shall include documented information required by the standard and determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the sustainable forest management system.

7.5.1 組織的經營系統應包括標準所需的文件化資訊，並由組織確定為有效實施永續森林經營系統所必需的資訊。

可能資料的整備：

組織必須將所有符合PEFC標準的資訊以及除標準要求外的其他必要的文件，以文件形式記錄，這些文件化的資訊有助於確保永續森林經營系統的有效運作。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 根據PEFC標準，列出所有需要文件化的資訊，並建立一份完整的文件清單，包括:經營政策、程序書、記錄等。。

2. 建立一套文件管理系統，確保文件的保存、更新和備份。

3. 確保文件之間具有區別與可追溯性，方便查詢和更新。

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7.5 Documented Information

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations shall document all information that complies with the PEFC standard, as well as other necessary documents other than those required by the standard, which helps to ensure the effective functioning of the sustainable forest management system. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. According to the PEFC standard, list all the information that needs to be documented, and establish a complete list of documents, including: management policies, procedures, records, etc.

2. Establish a document management system to ensure that documents are saved, updated, and backed up.

3. Ensure that there is distinction and traceability between documents for easy access and updating.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.5 & I 7.5.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.5 & I 7.5.2).

7.5 Documented Information文件化資訊

7.5.2 The documented information is relevant, and updated as appropriate, to the activities of the organization.

7.5.2 文件化資訊應與組織的活動相關且根據需要定期更新。

可能資料的整備：

所有文件化的資訊必須與組織的實際運作和森林經營活動直接相關，且文件資訊必須保持最新，以反映組織的變更和最新的森林經營規範。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 確認文件化的資訊與組織的實際運作和森林經營活動直接相關

2. 提供相關文件更新紀錄，顯示每個文件的更新日期、原因和負責人。

3. 建立一個定期審查文件的機制，確保文件內容的準確性和時效性。

4. 對於經常更新的文件，建立版本控制機制，方便追溯修改歷史。確保相關人員都能及時獲得最新的文件。

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7.5 Documented Information

7.5.2 The documented information is relevant, and updated as appropriate, to the activities of the organization.

Preparation of possible information:

All documented information must be directly related to the actual operations of the organization and forest management activities, and the document information must be kept up-to-date to reflect changes in the organization and the latest forest management practices.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. Confirm that the documented information is directly related to the actual operation of the organization and forest management activities, and provide relevant document update records, showing the date, reason and person responsible for each document.

2. Establish a mechanism for periodic review of documents to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of their contents.

3. For frequently updated files, establish a version control mechanism to facilitate the traceability of modification history.

4. Ensure that all relevant personnel have access to the most up-to-date documents.

2024年10月4日星期五

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.3 & I 7.3.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.3 & I 7.3.1).

7.3 Communication溝通

7.3.1 The effective communication and consultation with local communities, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders relating to sustainable forest management shall be provided.

7.3.1 與當地社區、原住民和其他利害關係人在永續森林經營方面進行有效的溝通和諮詢。

可能資料的整備：

組織應建立與當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關者之間的雙向溝通管道，且應主動提供相關的森林經營資訊，並聽取這些群體的意見和建議。在做出影響當地社區或原住民的決策時，應讓他們參與決策過程。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 保留與當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關者會議或諮詢的紀錄，例如:社會/環境影響諮詢紀錄、開工說明會。

2. 並記錄當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關者提出的意見和建議做出回饋。

3. 提供證明組織在決策過程中，已考慮了當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關者的意見決策紀錄。

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7.3 Communication溝通

7.3.1 The effective communication and consultation with local communities, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders relating to sustainable forest management shall be provided.

Preparation of possible information:

Organization should establish two-way communication channels with local communities, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders, and should proactively provide relevant information on forest management and listen to the views and suggestions of these groups. Involve local communities or indigenous peoples in the decision-making process when making decisions that affect them.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1. Keep records of meetings or consultations with local communities, Indigenous peoples and other stakeholders, e.g., social/environmental impact consultations, briefings.

2. Recording the comments and suggestions made by local communities, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders to give feedback.

3. Provide evidence that the organization has taken into account the views of local communities, indigenous peoples and other stakeholders in the decision-making process.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.2 & I 7.2.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.2 & I 7.2.1).

7.2 Competence能力

7.2.1 Forest managers, contractors, employees and forest owners shall be provided with sufficient information and kept up-to-date through continuous training in relation to sustainable forest management, as a precondition for all management planning and practices described in this benchmark.

7.2.1 森林經營者、承包商、員工和森林所有者應接受足夠的資訊，並通過持續教育訓練，保持最新狀態，以符合本國際基準所描述的所有經營規劃和實務的先決條件。

可能資料的整備：

組織應確保所有相關人員都能取得足夠的永續森林經營資訊。提供持續的教育訓練，以更新員工的知識，使其跟上永續森林經營的最新發展。教育訓練是進行任何森林經營規劃和實務的必要條件。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供教育訓練計畫，包括教育訓練內容、頻率、對象等。

2. 提供教育訓練紀錄，包括:參與人員名單、教育訓練內容、日期等。

3. 建立有效的資訊傳遞管道，例如：定期會議、資訊看板、電子郵件、內部網站、教育訓練教材：例如經營手冊、法規規範、案例分享。

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7.2 Competence

Preparation of possible information:

Organization should ensure that all stakeholders have access to adequate information on sustainable forest management. Provide continuous trainings to update the knowledge of employees and keep them up-to-date with the latest developments in sustainable forest management. Trainings are essential for any forest management planning and practice. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. Provide an training plan, including the content, frequency, and target of trainings.

2. Provide training records, including: list of participants, content of trainings, date, etc.

3. Establish effective channels for information transmission, such as regular meetings, information billboards, e-mails, internal websites, education and training materials, such as management manual, laws and regulations, and case sharing

2024年10月1日星期二

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.1 & I 7.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.1 & I 7.1.1).

7. Support 支持

7.1 Resources資源

7.1.1 The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the sustainable forest management system.

7.1.1 組織應確定並提供所需的資源，以建立、實施、維護和持續改進永續森林經營系統。

可能資料的整備：

組織應確定並提供建立、實施、並維持永續森林經營系統充足的資源以及持續改進永續森林經營系統所需的資源。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供一份資源規劃，包括：確定需要多少人，具備哪些技能的人力資源規劃。預算分配，資金來源的財務資源規劃。所需的設備、工具等的物資資源規劃。

2. 提供資源配置的相關紀錄，證明組織已將資源投入到森林經營系統中。

3. 提供內部審核報告，證明組織定期對森林經營系統進行評估，並採取改進措施。

4. 提供森林經營系統文件，包括：經營手冊、程序書文件、記錄表格。

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7. Support

7.1 Resources

7.1.1 The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the sustainable forest management system.

Preparation of possible information:

The organization shall identify and provide adequate resources for the establishment, implementation and maintenance of sustainable forest management systems, as well as the resources required for continuous improvement of sustainable forest management systems. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1. Provide a resource plan, including a human resource plan to determine how many people are needed and what skills are available. Budget allocation, financial resource planning for funding sources. Planning of material resources such as equipment and tools required.

2. Provide records of resource allocation, demonstrating that the organization has invested resources into the forest management system.

3. Provide an internal audit report certifying that the organization regularly assesses the forest management system and takes measures to improve it.

4. Provide forest management system documents, including: management manuals, program documents, record forms.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.4 & S 6.3.4.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 6.3 & I 6.3.4 & S 6.3.4.1).

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.4 Health, safety and working conditions健康、安全和工作條件

6.3.4.1 Forest operations shall be planned, organized and performed in a manner that enables health and accident risks to be identified and all reasonable measures to be applied to protect workers from work-related risks. Workers shall be informed about the risks involved with their work and about preventive measures.

6.3.4.1 森林作業應以能夠識別健康和事故風險並採取一切合理措施來保護工人免受與工作相關風險的方式進行計畫、組織和執行。工人應被告知其工作的風險以及預防措施。

可能資料的整備：

1. 組織應針對不同的作業類型，識別可能存在各種健康和安全風險，例如：高空作業風險、機械操作風險、化學品接觸風險、野外伐採、工程作業風險。

2. 組織應採取一切合理的措施，例如:提供符合標準的個人防護裝備，並確保員工正確使用以降低或消除這些風險。

3. 提供員工接受安全培訓的紀錄，包括: 新員工入職安全培訓、定期安全培訓、特殊作業安全培訓，讓員工能清楚了解工作中的風險，並告知他們如何預防事故。

4. 當有事故發生時，應對事故進行調查分析，以防止類似事故再次發生。

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6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.4 Health, safety and working conditions

Preparation of possible information:

1. Organizations should identify a variety of health and safety risks that may exist for different job types, such as: working at height risk, machinery operation risk, chemical exposure risk, field harvesting, engineering work risk.

2. Organizations should take reasonable steps, such as providing PPE that meets the standards and ensuring that employees use it correctly to reduce or eliminate these risks.

3. Provide training records, including: new employee induction safety training, regular safety training, and special operation safety training, so that employees can clearly understand the risks at work and inform them how to prevent accidents.

4. When an accident occurs, the accident should be investigated and analyzed to prevent similar accidents from happening again.

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