永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.1 & I 6.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.1 & I 6.1.1).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。 

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

措施以應對風險和機會

6.1.1 The organization shall consider risks and opportunities concerning compliance with the requirements for sustainable forest management. Size and scale of the operations of the organization shall be considered.

6.1.1 組織應考慮有關遵守永續森林經營要求的風險和機會。應考慮組織運營的規模和範圍。

 可能資料的整備：

1.     進行社會(勞工及社區)與環境(生物多樣性、生態系統、土壤、水資源等)風險評估，提出評估報告：首先針對組織的森林經營活動，進行全面的風險評估，識別可能影響永續森林經營的內部和外部社會與環境風險因素，並進行評估，評估其發生概率和可能造成的影響。

2.    制定風險管理計畫： 針對高風險因素，制定具體的風險管理策略，包括預防措施、應對措施和應急措施。

3.     進行機會識別：首先尋找能夠提升永續森林經營績效的機會，例如:採用新技術、開發新產品、參與碳交易等。其次針對識別出的機會進行評估，評估其可行性、效益和潛在風險。制定策略及行動計畫，並分配資源。

4.     考慮組織規模與經營範圍：根據組織的規模和經營範圍，制定相應的風險管理和機會識別計畫。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

6.1.1 The organization shall consider risks and opportunities concerning compliance with the requirements for sustainable forest management. Size and scale of the operations of the organization shall be considered.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     Conduct social (labor and community) and environmental (biodiversity, ecosystem, soil, water resources, etc.) risk assessment, and submit an assessment report: first, conduct a comprehensive risk assessment for the organization's forest management activities, identify internal and external social and environmental risk factors that may affect sustainable forest management, and conduct an assessment to assess their occurrence probability and possible impact.

2.     Develop a risk management plan: Develop specific risk management strategies for high-risk factors, including preventative measures, response measures, and contingency measures.

3.     Identify opportunities: Start by looking for opportunities to improve the performance of sustainable forest management, such as adopting new technologies, developing new products, participating in carbon trading, etc. Second, the identified opportunities are assessed to assess their feasibility, benefits, and potential risks. Develop strategies and action plans, and allocate resources.

4.   Consider the size and scope of the organization: Develop a risk management and opportunity identification plan based on the size and scope of the organization.