永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.3).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.1 Legal compliance 合法性遵循

6.3.1.3 The measures shall be implemented to address protection of the forest from unauthorized activities such as illegal logging, illegal land use, illegally initiated fires, and other illegal activities.

6.3.1.3應實施措施來應對森林非法活動，例如非法伐木、非法土地使用、非法引發火災和其他非法活動的保護。

可能資料的整備：

       組織必須有具體實施的措施來預防和應對非法活動，以確保森林資源不受侵害。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.        組織針對非法活動的風險進行評估，包括：識別可能發生的非法伐木、非法土地使用、非法引發火災和其他非法活動。

2.        組織提供相應的預防措施，例如:巡邏建立監控系統與當地社區合作或與執法部門合作。

3.        保存所有與非法活動預防和應對相關的記錄，例如： 巡邏記錄、監控數據、應急演練記錄等。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.1 Legal compliance

6.3.1.3 The measures shall be implemented to address protection of the forest from unauthorized activities such as illegal logging, illegal land use, illegally initiated fires, and other illegal activities.

Preparation of possible information:

       Organization must have measures in place to prevent and respond to illegal activities to ensure that forest resources are not encroached upon.

Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:

1.        Organizations assess the risk of illegal activities, including: identifying possible illegal logging, illegal land use, illegal fires initiated, and other illegal activities.

2.        The organization provides preventive measures, such as patrolling, establishing a surveillance system, working with local communities, or cooperating with law enforcement.

3.        Keep all records related to illegal activity prevention and response, such as patrol records, surveillance data, emergency drill records, etc.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.2).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.1 Legal compliance 合法性遵循

6.3.1.2 The organization shall comply with applicable local, national and international legislation on forest management, including but not limited to forest management practices; nature and environmental protection; protected and endangered species; property, tenure and land-use rights for indigenous peoples, local communities or other affected stakeholders; health, labour and safety issues; anti-corruption and the payment of applicable royalties and taxes.

6.3.1.2組織應遵守關於森林經營的適用的當地、國家和國際法律法規，包括但不限於森林經營實務；自然和環境保護；受保護和瀕危物種；對原住民、地方社區或其他受影響利害關係人的財產、土地使用權和土地使用權；健康、勞工和安全問題；反貪腐以及支付應用稅款和稅金。

可能資料的整備：

        組織必須遵守所有與森林經營相關的法律法規，涵蓋了森林經營的各方面，包括:生態環境保護、社會責任、勞工健康與安全等。

因此組織可以準備以下資料：

1.        組織提供完整的法規清單，並提供相關的合規證明，例如：合約書、保險證明、安全檢查報告、納稅證明等。

2.        建立內控系統，以確保組織持續遵守相關法規，包括:定期檢查、員工教育訓練(森林經營相關法規、性別平等、反貪腐等)、環境及社會風險評估、預防及避免環境災害、勞工安全事故等突發事件等措施。

3.        與原住民、當地社區、租地造林者、和其他利害相關者保持良好的溝通，了解並尊重他們的權益和需求。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.1 Legal compliance

6.3.1.2 The organization shall comply with applicable local, national and international legislation on forest management, including but not limited to forest management practices; nature and environmental protection; protected and endangered species; property, tenure and land-use rights for indigenous peoples, local communities or other affected stakeholders; health, labour and safety issues; anti-corruption and the payment of applicable royalties and taxes.

Preparation of possible information:

        Organizations must comply with all laws and regulations related to forest management, covering all aspects of forest management, including: ecological environmental protection, social responsibility, labor health and safety, etc.

Therefore, organizations can prepare the following documents:

1.        The organization provides a complete list of regulations and provides relevant proof of compliance, such as: contracts, insurance certificates, security inspection reports, tax payment certificates, etc.

2.        Establish an internal control system to ensure the organization's continuous compliance with relevant laws and regulations, including: regular inspections, employee education and training on forest management related laws, gender equality, anti-corruption, environmental and social risk assessment, prevention and avoidance of environmental disasters, labor safety accidents and other emergencies.

3.        Maintain good communication with indigenous peoples, local communities, leaseholds, and other stakeholders to understand and respect their rights and needs.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.1 & S 6.3.1.1).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.1 Legal compliance 合法性遵循

6.3.1.1 The organization shall identify and have access to the legislation applicable to its forest management and determine how these compliance obligations apply to the organization.

6.3.1.1組織應判識並瞭解適用於其森林經營的法律法規，並確定這些遵循義務如何適用於組織。

可能資料的整備：

       組織必須了解並遵守所有與其森林經營活動相關的法規。這包括國家、地區和地方的法律法規，以及相關的國際公約。

因此組織可以準備以下資料：

1.        彙整提供一份完整的法規清單，包括：森林法、動物保護法、文資法、水保法、勞動法、其他相關法規，以及國際公約等。

2.        在組織的管理手冊或操作程序中，說明依據那些規範或程序。

3.        保留所有與法規合規相關的記錄，例如： 法規文本、許可證、簽注文件、檢查記錄等。

4.        員工的教育訓練，及對相關法規的了解程度。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.1 Legal compliance

6.3.1.1 The organization shall identify and have access to the legislation applicable to its forest management and determine how these compliance obligations apply to the organization.

Preparation of possible information:

        Organizations must be aware of and comply with all regulations related to their forest management activities. This includes national, regional and local laws and regulations, as well as relevant international conventions.

Therefore, organizations can prepare the following information:

1.        The organization could provide a complete list of regulations, including: forest law, animal protection law, water protection law, labor law, other relevant regulations, and international conventions.

2.        In the organization's management manual or operating procedures, explain which norms or procedures are based.

3.        Keep all records related to regulatory compliance, such as: regulatory texts, permits, endorsement documents, inspection records, etc.

4.    Employees' education and training, and their understanding of relevant laws and regulations.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.2 & I 6.2.8)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.2 & I 6.2.8).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.2 Management plan 經營計畫

6.2.8 The publicly available summary of the management plan may exclude confidential business and personal information and other information made confidential by applicable legislation or for the protection of cultural sites or sensitive natural resource features.

6.2.8經營計畫的公開摘要可以排除商業機密和個人資訊以及其他根據適用法律或用於保護文化遺址或敏感自然資源特徵而被保密的資訊。

可能資料的整備：

       組織在公開經營計畫摘要時，可以對某些敏感資訊進行保密。這項規定考量到了商業競爭、個人隱私以及對特殊生態環境的保護。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.        列出經營計畫中可能包含的敏感資訊，例如:商業機密--如特定造林技術、成本數據等。個人資訊--如員工個人資料、合作夥伴的聯絡方式等。法律保密資訊--依據相關法律規定需保密的資訊。文化遺址資訊--涉及到當地文化遺址的詳細座標或保護措施。敏感生態資訊--如瀕危物種的棲息地等。每項敏感資訊，組織需提供合理的保密理由。

2.        組織應說明採取了哪些措施來保護這些敏感資訊，例如：限制存取權限、加密敏感資料、簽署保密協議等。

3.        在編製摘要時，應將所有敏感資訊刪除或用籠統的語言描述，以確保摘要的內容仍然能夠清晰地傳達經營計畫的主要目標和原則。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.2 Management plan

6.2.8 The publicly available summary of the management plan may exclude confidential business and personal information and other information made confidential by applicable legislation or for the protection of cultural sites or sensitive natural resource features.

Preparation of possible information:

       Organizations may keep certain sensitive information confidential when disclosing a summary of their business plan. This requirement takes into account business competition, personal privacy, and the protection of special ecological environments.

        Therefore, the organization should prepare the following materials:

1.        List the sensitive information that may be included in the management plan, e.g., trade secrets - such as specific afforestation technology, cost data, etc. Personal information - e.g. employee profile, contact details of partners, etc. Legal Confidential Information - Information that is required to be kept confidential in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Cultural site information - relates to detailed coordinates or conservation measures of local cultural sites. Sensitive ecological information - such as habitats of endangered species, etc. For each sensitive piece of information, the organization is required to provide a reasonable reason for confidentiality.

2.        Organizations should explain what measures are in place to protect this sensitive information, such as restricting access, encrypting sensitive data, signing non-disclosure agreements, etc.

3.     When preparing the summary, all sensitive information should be removed or described in general language to ensure that the content of the summary still clearly communicates the main objectives and principles of the management plan.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.2 & I 6.2.7)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.2 & I 6.2.7).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.2 Management plan

經營計畫

6.2.7 A summary of the management plan, appropriate to the scope and scale of forest management shall be publicly available and shall include information on the general objectives and forest management principles.

6.2.7經營計畫的摘要，應根據森林經營的範圍和規模，向公眾公開，並包括有關一般目標和森林經營原則的資訊。

可能資料的整備：

        組織必須將經營計畫的重點內容以摘要的形式公開，讓大眾能夠了解組織的森林經營目標和原則。這有助於增加透明度，並促進社會參與。

因此組織可以準備以下資料：

1.        提供一份簡潔明瞭的摘要，內容可以包括：組織的森林經營願景和長期目標、組織的森林經營原則，例如:永續性、生態保護等、所經營森林的面積、類型、主要經營及保護措施：如造林、撫育、採伐、重要棲息環境、保護區、保留區、水土保持等，以及如何進行監測經營成效。

2.        摘要的語言應通俗易懂，讓一般公眾都能理解。將摘要放置在組織的官方網站上，或其他容易取得的公開平台。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.2 Management plan

6.2.7 A summary of the management plan, appropriate to the scope and scale of forest management shall be publicly available and shall include information on the general objectives and forest management principles.

Preparation of possible information:

        The organization must disclose the key elements of the management plan in the form of a summary so that the public can understand the organization's forest management objectives and principles. This helps increase transparency and promotes social participation.

1.        Therefore, the organization can prepare the following information: Provide a concise and concise summary, which can include: the organization's forest management vision and long-term goals, the organization's forest management principles, such as sustainability, ecological protection, etc., the area and type of forest under management, the main management and conservation measures, such as afforestation, tending, harvesting, important habitats area, protected areas, reserves, soil and water conservation, etc., and how to monitor the effectiveness of the operation.

2.     The language of the abstract should be easy to understand and accessible to the general public. Place the summary on the organization's official website, or other publicly available platform.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.2 & I 6.2.6)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.2 & I 6.2.6).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.2 Management plan

經營計畫

6.2.6 Management plans shall take into account the results of scientific research.

6.2.6經營計畫應考慮科學研究的結果。

可能資料的整備：

       組織在制定森林經營經營計畫時，必須參考相關的科學研究成果，以確保管理決策的科學性、合理性。

因此組織可以準備以下資料：

1.        收集來自學術期刊、政府報告、研究機構等，與森林生態系統、林業經營、非木林產品等相關的科學研究文獻，並說明如何將科學研究的結果應用於經營計畫中，例如： 設定年採伐量的依據、造林樹種的選擇、確定最佳的伐採方式等。

2.        可以進行研究合作案，若有與研究機構合作，應提供相關的合作協議和研究報告。

3.        組織人員應說明合作研究的內容以及研究結果如何應用於經營計畫中?

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.2 Management plan

6.2.5 Management plans specify ways and means to minimize the risk of degradation and damage to forest ecosystems.

Preparation of possible information:

        When formulating forest management plans, organizations must refer to relevant scientific research results to ensure the scientificity and rationality of management decisions. 

        Therefore, the organization can prepare the following materials: 

1.     Collect scientific research literature from academic journals, government reports, research institutions, etc., related to forest ecosystems, forestry management, non-wood forest products, etc., and explain how to apply the results of scientific research to business plans, such as: the basis for setting the annual harvesting amount, the selection of afforestation tree species, and the determination of the best harvesting methods, etc.

2.        Research cooperation projects can be carried out, and if there is cooperation with research institutions, relevant cooperation agreements and research reports should be provided.

3.     The organization should explain the content of the collaborative research and how the results of the research can be applied to the business plan.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.2 & I 6.2.5)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.2 & I 6.2.5).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.2 Management plan

經營計畫

6.2.5 Management plans specify ways and means to minimize the risk of degradation and damage to forest ecosystems.

6.2.5經營計畫應具體指定方式和方法，以最小化對森林生態系統的退化和損害風險。

可能資料的整備：

        組織在制定森林經營計畫時，必須評估和預測可能對森林造成負面影響的因素，並制定相應的預防和緩解措施。

        組織可以準備以下資料：

1.      先識別除了經營活動可能對森林造成危害的因素外，還有天然災害的影響，例如:火災、病蟲害、水土流失、氣候變化等。再評估這些風險對森林生態系統的潛在影響。

2.      依據所識別的危害因素，制定預防措施，以降低風險發生的概率，例如:防火措施、病蟲害監測和防治、水土保持措施、氣候變遷調適措施等。

3.      定期監測森林生態系統的健康狀況。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.2 Management plan

6.2.5 Management plans specify ways and means to minimize the risk of degradation and damage to forest ecosystems.

Preparation of possible information:

       When developing a forest management plan, organizations must assess and anticipate factors that may have negative impacts on forests and develop corresponding prevention and mitigation measures. 

        Organizations can prepare the following information:

1.        Identify the effects of natural disasters, such as fires, pests and diseases, soil erosion, climate change, etc., in addition to the factors that may be harmful to the forest from management activities. Then, assess the potential impacts on forest ecosystems.

2.        Based on the identified hazards, preventive measures are developed to reduce the probability of risk occurrence, such as fire prevention measures, pest and disease monitoring and control, soil and water conservation measures, climate change adaptation measures, etc.

3.        Regularly monitor the health of forest ecosystems.