2024年8月8日 星期四

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.2 & I 6.2.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.2 & I 6.2.1).

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council,森林經營委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。 

6.2 Management plan

經營計畫

6.2.1 Management plans shall be: a) elaborated and periodically updated or continually adjusted; b) appropriate to the size and use of the forest area; c) based on applicable local, national and international legislation as well as existing land-use or other official plans; and d) adequately covering forest resources.

6.2.1經營計畫應: a) 制定並定期更新或持續調整; b) 適合森林區域的規模和使用; c) 基於適用的當地、國家和國際法律以及現有的土地使用或其他官方計畫;並且 d) 充分涵蓋森林資源。

可能資料的整備:

1.     經營計畫,應涵蓋森林經營的所有方面,包括森林資源及生態系統的利用、保護、恢復等,例如:森林資源利用、遊樂、生物多樣性保護、水土保持等,應將其納入經營計畫。

2.     定期更新經營計畫,例如:每年或每隔一定時間進行一次全面評估。

3.     確保經營計畫符合所有適用於森林經營的法律法規,並將其納入經營計畫。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.2 Management plan

6.2.1 Management plans shall be: a) elaborated and periodically updated or continually adjusted; b) appropriate to the size and use of the forest area; c) based on applicable local, national and international legislation as well as existing land-use or other official plans; and d) adequately covering forest resources.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     The management plan should cover all aspects of forest management, including the utilization, protection and restoration of forest resources and ecosystems, such as forest resource utilization, recreation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, etc., which should be included in the management plan.

2.     Regularly update the business plan, e.g. conduct a comprehensive review every year or at regular intervals.

3.   Ensure that the management plan complies with all applicable laws and regulations for forest management and incorporates them into the management plan.

2024年8月7日 星期三

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.1 & I 6.1.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.1 & I 6.1.2).

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council,森林經營委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities

措施以應對風險和機會

6.1.2 Inventory and mapping of forest resources shall be established and maintained, adequate to local conditions and in correspondence with the requirements described in this standard.

6.1.2 組織應建立和維持森林資源的盤點和製圖,這些盤點和製圖應適合當地條件,並符合本國標準中描述的要求。 

可能資料的整備:

1.     建立詳細的森林資源清查系統,包括:動、植物資源,例如:主要動物類別、分布等,及林地類型、、林分密度、樹種、樹齡、樹高、胸徑、蓄積量、水源、土壤類型等。

2.     清查頻率: 根據森林的動態性,確定合理的清查頻率,並建立長期監測機制。

3.     數據庫建立: 將清查數據輸入電腦系統,建立完整的森林資源數據庫,方便查詢和分析。

4.     製作精確的森林地圖, 除了森林資源分布圖外,還應包括林班界線、道路、水系、保護區等相關資訊, 選擇適合的比例尺,確保地圖內容清晰易懂。可以應用GIS技術,將森林資源數據與地圖結合,進行更深入的分析和可視化。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

6.1.2 Inventory and mapping of forest resources shall be established and maintained, adequate to local conditions and in correspondence with the requirements described in this standard.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     Establish a detailed inventory system of forest resources, including: animal and plant resources, such as main animal types and distributions, as well as forest land types, stand density, tree species, tree age, tree height, DBH, volume, water source, soil type, etc.

2.     Inventory frequency: Determine a reasonable inventory frequency based on the dynamics of the forest and establish a long-term monitoring mechanism.

3.     Database establishment: Input the inventory data into the computer system to establish a complete forest resource database for easy query and analysis.

4.   To make an accurate forest map, in addition to the distribution map of forest resources, it should also include relevant information such as forest compartment boundaries, roads, water systems, protected areas, etc., and select an appropriate scale to ensure that the content of the map is clear and easy to understand. GIS technology can be applied to combine forest resource data with maps for deeper analysis and visualization.

2024年8月5日 星期一

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.1 & I 6.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C6.1 & I 6.1.1).

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council,森林經營委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。 

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

措施以應對風險和機會

6.1.1 The organization shall consider risks and opportunities concerning compliance with the requirements for sustainable forest management. Size and scale of the operations of the organization shall be considered.

6.1.1 組織應考慮有關遵守永續森林經營要求的風險和機會。應考慮組織運營的規模和範圍。

 可能資料的整備:

1.     進行社會(勞工及社區)與環境(生物多樣性、生態系統、土壤、水資源等)風險評估,提出評估報告:首先針對組織的森林經營活動,進行全面的風險評估,識別可能影響永續森林經營的內部和外部社會與環境風險因素,並進行評估,評估其發生概率和可能造成的影響。

2.    制定風險管理計畫: 針對高風險因素,制定具體的風險管理策略,包括預防措施、應對措施和應急措施。

3.     進行機會識別:首先尋找能夠提升永續森林經營績效的機會,例如:採用新技術、開發新產品、參與碳交易等。其次針對識別出的機會進行評估,評估其可行性、效益和潛在風險。制定策略及行動計畫,並分配資源。

4.     考慮組織規模與經營範圍:根據組織的規模和經營範圍,制定相應的風險管理和機會識別計畫

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities.

6.1.1 The organization shall consider risks and opportunities concerning compliance with the requirements for sustainable forest management. Size and scale of the operations of the organization shall be considered.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     Conduct social (labor and community) and environmental (biodiversity, ecosystem, soil, water resources, etc.) risk assessment, and submit an assessment report: first, conduct a comprehensive risk assessment for the organization's forest management activities, identify internal and external social and environmental risk factors that may affect sustainable forest management, and conduct an assessment to assess their occurrence probability and possible impact.

2.     Develop a risk management plan: Develop specific risk management strategies for high-risk factors, including preventative measures, response measures, and contingency measures.

3.     Identify opportunities: Start by looking for opportunities to improve the performance of sustainable forest management, such as adopting new technologies, developing new products, participating in carbon trading, etc. Second, the identified opportunities are assessed to assess their feasibility, benefits, and potential risks. Develop strategies and action plans, and allocate resources.

4.   Consider the size and scope of the organization: Develop a risk management and opportunity identification plan based on the size and scope of the organization.

2024年7月30日 星期二

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 5.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 5.3).

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC(Forest Stewardship Council,森林管理委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

5.3 The organization shall have a clearly defined and responsibilities assigned for sustainable forest management in place.

5.3組織應有明確的永續森林經營的定義並責任分工。 

可能資料的整備:

1.     組織可以提供管理手冊,建立明確的組織架構:將森林管理工作細分為不同的部門或小組,並明確記載說明各部門的職責範圍。

2.     確保每位員工,在接受訪談時,都能清楚說明自己的職責,並了解其在森林管理系統中的角色。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

5.3 The organization shall have a clearly defined and responsibilities assigned for sustainable forest management in place.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     Organizations can provide management manuals that establish a clear organizational structure: subdivide forest management into different departments or groups, and clearly state the responsibilities of each department.

2.             Ensure that each employee, when interviewed, clearly explains their responsibilities and understands their role in the forest management system.

2024年7月29日 星期一

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 5.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 5.2)

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC(Forest Stewardship Council,森林管理委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求

5.2 This commitment shall be publicly available.

5.2這一承諾應公開。 

可能資料的整備:

1.     由公司或組織長官具名的的承諾。

2.     組織/公司網站: 將承諾放在組織/公司網站的顯著位置。

3.     年報: 在組織/公司的年報中納入承諾。

4.     新聞稿: 發布新聞稿宣布承諾並告知公眾。

5.     公示: 在當地報紙或社區公告欄張貼公告。

6.     專門平台:建立一個專門的線上平台來存放承諾和相關資訊,例如:可以在其網站上設立一個專區,詳細說明其對永續森林管理的承諾,包括保護生物多樣性、減少碳排放、尊重原住民權益等具體目標。或是組織/公司,在其每年發布的永續發展報告,向公眾報告其進展。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

5.2 This commitment shall be publicly available.

Preparation of possible information:

1.     A commitment named by the head of the company or organization.

2.     Organization/Company Website: Put the commitment in a prominent position on the organization/company website.

3.     Annual Report: Incorporate commitments in the organization/company's annual report. Press Releases: Publish press releases announcing commitments and informing the public.

4.     Announcements: Post announcements in local newspapers or community bulletin boards.

5.         Dedicated platform: Establish a dedicated online platform to store commitments and related information, for example, by setting up a dedicated section on their website detailing their commitment to sustainable forest management, including targets such as protecting biodiversity, reducing carbon emissions, and respecting the rights and interests of indigenous peoples; or an organization/company that reports its progress to the public in its annual sustainability report 

2024年7月27日 星期六

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 5.1)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 5.1)

PEFCProgramme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification,森林驗證認可計畫)與FSC(Forest Stewardship Council,森林管理委員會),同為全球兩大森林驗證系統,PEFC2024/6/30前,也驗證近3億公頃的林地。在2023年中,全球的有六千三百萬公頃林地同時接受PEFCFSC的雙驗證。全球林業經營者,在追求森林的永續經營上,所採用的經營標準內容,有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容,及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

5.1 The organization shall provide a commitment:

a) to comply with the sustainable forest management standard and other applicable requirements of the certification system;

b) to continuously improve the sustainable forest management system.

5.1組織應承諾:

a) 遵守永續森林經營標準和驗證系統的其他適用要求;

b) 持續改進永續森林經營系統。

 可能資料的整備:

1.     建立完整的文件系統,包括:建立所有與森林經營相關作業活動程序書、保存與森林經營相關的記錄,例如 :巡護記錄、伐採記錄、土壤和水質監測數據、員工培訓記錄、與利害關係人的溝通記錄等。

2.     落實永續森林經營實踐,包括:採取措施保護森林的生物多樣性,例如設置保護區、恢復退化林地; 採取措施保護土壤和水質,例如減少肥料的使用、設置緩衝帶; 採取措施適應氣候變遷,例如種植耐旱樹種、改善森林防火措施; 尊重當地社區的權益,與當地社區建立良好的合作關係。

3.     定期對森林經營系統進行內部稽核,找出潛在的問題並及時糾正、將內部稽核結果提交給管理階層審查,並制定糾正措施。

4.     針對所有與森林經營相關的員工提供相關培訓,確保他們了解並遵守相關規定並不斷提升員工的專業知識,以應對森林經營領域的新發展。

5.     定期收集員工、利害關係人和其他方面的反饋意見,以改善森林經營系統。

6.     制定持續改善計畫並定期追蹤改善計畫的執行情況,並評估其效果。

7.     需有高層管理人員的支持承諾與承諾書,確保森林經營系統得到充分的資源和重視。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified.:

5.1 The organization shall provide a commitment:

a) to comply with the sustainable forest management standard and other applicable requirements of the certification system;

b) to continuously improve the sustainable forest management system.

 Data Sources to be Prepared

1.        Establish a comprehensive documentation system: This includes developing standard operating procedures (SOPs) for all forest management activities and maintaining records related to forest management, such as patrol records, harvesting records, soil and water quality monitoring data, employee training records, and communication records with stakeholders.

2.        Implement sustainable forest management practices: This involves taking measures to protect biodiversity, such as establishing protected areas and restoring degraded forest land; protecting soil and water quality, such as reducing fertilizer use and establishing buffer zones; adapting to climate change, such as planting drought-resistant tree species and improving forest fire prevention measures; and respecting the rights of local communities and building strong partnerships with them.

3.        Conduct regular internal audits of the forest management system: Identify potential problems and correct them promptly. Submit internal audit findings to management for review and develop corrective actions.

4.        Provide relevant training to all employees involved in forest management: Ensure they understand and comply with relevant regulations and continuously improve employees' professional knowledge to address new developments in the field of forest management.

5.        Regularly collect feedback from employees, stakeholders, and other sources to improve the forest management system.

6.        Develop continuous improvement plans and regularly track the implementation of improvement plans and evaluate their effectiveness.

7.    Require the support and commitment of senior management, including a written commitment, to ensure that the forest management system receives adequate resources and attention.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 國際森林經營標準的趨勢觀察

眾所周知的,國際上應用於永續森林經營的驗證系統,有FSCPEFC森林驗證系統。其中FSC的森林經營標準,是由國際FSC制定全球共同的經營原則與準則,在全球森林經營區,進行FSC驗證。而2018PEFC提供一國際性的永續森林經營標準框架,規範欲加入PEFC成為會員的各區域和各國的永續森林經營標準。該標準的框架內容,包括:1. 範圍; 2. 規範性引用文件; 3. 術語和定義; 4. 國家標準和組織申請PEFC認可標準的脈絡; 5.領導力; 6.規劃; 7. 支持; 8. 運營; 9. 績效評估; 10. 改進(Sustainable Forest Management - Requirements, PEFC ST 1003:2018)

目前2024年在PEFC官網上,已更新修正為2018年版的各國永續森林經營標準,例如:日本及印尼的PEFC永續森林經營標準,幾乎完全採用PEFC所提供標準框架內的原則與準則。若未來各區域和各國的永續森林經營標準也都直接採用PEFC 2018年版的原則與準則,而非自行發展採用的原則與準則,那麼最終會形成PEFC在全球永續森林經營的原則與準則是一致的,這值得繼續觀察注意