有關永續的、可持續性的森林經營...

2024年10月19日星期六

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.1 & I 8.1.4)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.1 & I 8.1.4).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

8. Operation運營

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1維護或適當增強森林資源及其對全球碳循環的貢獻

8.1.4 Forest conversion shall not occur unless in justified circumstances where the conversion:

a) is in compliance with national and regional policy and legislation applicable for land use and forest management and is a result of national or regional land-use planning governed by a governmental or other official authority including consultation with affected stakeholders; and

b) entails a small proportion (no greater than 5 %) of forest type within the certified area; and

c) does not have negative impacts on ecologically important forest areas, culturally and socially significant areas, or other protected areas; and

d) does not destroy areas of significantly high carbon stock; and

e) makes a contribution to long-term conservation, economic, and social benefits.

8.1.4 除非在正當的情況下，否則不得進行森林轉換，該轉換應符合以下條件： a) 符合土地使用和森林經營的國家和地區政策和法律，並且是由政府或其他官方機構管理的國家或地區土地利用規劃的結果，包括與受影響利害關係人的諮詢； b) 在驗證區域內森林類型的比例不超過5%； c) 不對生態重要森林區域、文化和社會重要區域或其他受保護區域造成負面影響； d) 不破壞具有顯著高碳儲量的區域； e) 對長期保護、經濟和社會效益作出貢獻。

可能資料的整備：

森林轉換除非在以下情況下才可進行：符合國家和區域政策法規、比例限制、無負面影響、不破壞高碳儲量區域、帶來長期效益。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 可準備一份轉換計畫，說明轉換的原因、範圍、進行生態、社會、經濟等方面的影響評估，確保轉換不會產生負面影響以及評估轉換區域的碳儲量，確保不會破壞高碳儲量區域和緩解措施。

2. 可提供相關的國家和區域政策法規，證明轉換符合法律規定。

3. 可以提供與利害相關者溝通協商的紀錄，證明組織尊重了他們的意見。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

8. Operation

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1.4 Forest conversion shall not occur unless in justified circumstances where the conversion:

b) entails a small proportion (no greater than 5 %) of forest type within the certified area; and

c) does not have negative impacts on ecologically important forest areas, culturally and socially significant areas, or other protected areas; and

d) does not destroy areas of significantly high carbon stock; and

e) makes a contribution to long-term conservation, economic, and social benefits.

Preparation of possible information:

Forest conversion can only be carried out in accordance with national and regional policies and regulations, with proportional restrictions, without negative impacts, without destroying areas with high carbon stocks, and with long-term benefits.

Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:

1. A conversion plan can be prepared that explains the cause, scope, ecological, social, and economic impact assessment to ensure that the conversion does not have negative impacts, and assesses the carbon stocks in the conversion area to ensure that the high carbon storage areas and mitigation measures are not destroyed.

2. Relevant national and regional policies and regulations can be provided to demonstrate that the conversion is in compliance with the law.

3. Records of communication and consultation with stakeholders can be provided to demonstrate that the organization respects their views.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.1 & I 8.1.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.1 & I 8.1.3).

8. Operation運營

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1維護或適當增強森林資源及其對全球碳循環的貢獻

8.1.3 The climate positive practices in management operations, such as green-house gas emission reductions and efficient use of resources shall be encouraged.

8.1.3 在經營作業中，鼓勵與氣候變遷相關之正面實務，如減少溫室氣體排放和有效利用資源。

可能資料的整備：

組織應營造一個鼓勵與氣候變遷之正向行動的環境，並將其納入日常經營作業中。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 在經營計畫中，可以列入氣候變遷應對策略，說明組織的經營管理如何應對氣候變遷的。

2. 組織可以進行溫室氣體盤查(ISO 14064-1)，了解組織的排放源，並設定減排目標。提供詳細的減排措施，例如提高能源效率、使用再生能源、減少廢棄物等，或提高森林碳吸存量等。

3. 提供與氣候變遷相關之正面實務活動紀錄。

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8. Operation

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1.3 The climate positive practices in management operations, such as green-house gas emission reductions and efficient use of resources shall be encouraged.

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations should create an environment that encourages positive actions against climate change and integrate them into their daily operations.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. In the management plan, the climate change response strategy can be included to explain how the organization's operation and management respond to climate change.

2. Organizations can conduct a greenhouse gas inventory (ISO 14064-1) to understand the sources of their emissions and set emission reduction targets.

3. Provide detailed measures to reduce emissions, such as improving energy efficiency, using renewable energy, reducing waste, etc., or increasing forest carbon sequestration.

4. Provide a record of positive practical activities related to climate change.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.1 & I 8.1.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.1 & I 8.1.2).

8. Operation運營

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1維護或適當增強森林資源及其對全球碳循環的貢獻

8.1.2 The quantity and quality of the forest resources and the capacity of the forest to store and sequester carbon shall be safeguarded in the medium and long term by balancing harvesting and growth rates, using appropriate silvicultural measures and preferring techniques that minimize adverse impacts on forest resources.

8.1.2 透過平衡伐木和生長速率、使用適當的林木栽培措施以及偏好減少對森林資源不利影響的技術，中長期內保護森林資源的數量和品質，以及森林貯存和吸收碳的能力。

可能資料的整備：

組織應確保採伐量不超過森林的收長量，同時採用適當的造林技術，以及選擇對森林生態系統影響最小的作業方式，例如:擇伐、減少土壤擾動等，以確保森林中長期的碳吸存的量與質。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供一份採伐計畫，說明採伐量、採伐方式。

2. 提供一份造林計畫，說明造林樹種、密度、以及造林後的管理措施。

3. 提供一份監測計畫，用於監測森林的生長狀況、碳儲存量、以及生物多樣性。

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8. Operation

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations should ensure that harvesting does not exceed forest growth, and that appropriate afforestation techniques are used, as well as practices that have the least impact on forest ecosystems, such as selective felling, soil disturbance reduction, etc., to ensure the quantity and quality of carbon sequestration in forests over the long term. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1. Provide a harvesting plan stating the amount and how it will be harvested.

2. Provide a reforestation plan describing the species and density of trees to be planted, as well as post-afforestation management measures.

3. Provide a monitoring plan to monitor forest growth, carbon stocks, and biodiversity.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 8.1 & I 8.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 8.1 & I 8.1.1).

8. Operation運營

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1維護或適當增強森林資源及其對全球碳循環的貢獻

8.1.1 Management shall aim to maintain or increase forests and their ecosystem services and maintain or enhance the economic, ecological, cultural and social values of forest resources.

8.1.1 管理應旨在維護或增加森林及其生態系統服務，並維護或增強森林資源的經濟、生態、文化和社會價值。

可能資料的整備：

組織應採取措施保護森林，確保森林資源的永續利用及森林所提供的生態系統服務，例如水源涵養、土壤保持、生物多樣性等，以及森林的經濟、生態、文化和社會價值。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供明確的森林經營目標，包括:維持或增加森林資源、生態系統服務以及森林的經濟、生態、文化和社會價值。

2. 提供監測計畫，用於監測森林的健康狀況、生態系統服務的提供以及森林資源的價值。

3. 提供相關措施，說明組織如何實現森林經營目標。

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8. Operation

8.1 Maintenance or appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle.

8.1.1 Management shall aim to maintain or increase forests and their ecosystem services and maintain or enhance the economic, ecological, cultural and social values of forest resources.

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations should take measures to protect forests and ensure the sustainable use of forest resources and the ecosystem services they provide, such as water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity, etc., as well as the economic, ecological, cultural and social values of forests. Therefore, organizations should prepare the following information:

1. Provide clear forest management objectives, including: maintaining or increasing forest resources, ecosystem services, and the economic, ecological, cultural and social values of forests.

2. Provide monitoring programmes to monitor the health of forests, the provision of ecosystem services, and the value of forest resources.

3. Provide measures on how the organization is achieving its forest management goals.

2024年10月5日星期六

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.4 & I 7.4.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.4 & I 7.4.1).

7.4 Complaints抱怨

7.4.1 Appropriate mechanisms are in place for resolving complaints and disputes relating to forest management operations, land use rights and work conditions.

7.4.1 建立適當的機制來解決與森林經營作業、土地使用權和工作條件相關的抱怨和爭議。

可能資料的整備：

組織應提供一個明確，能讓員工、勞工、當地社區、原住民和其他利害相關方易於使用的申訴管道，用以解決與森林經營作業、土地使用權和工作條件相關的申訴和爭議。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 一份抱怨處理程序書，說明如何提出申訴、如何調查申訴，以及如何做出決策。

2. 保留所有申訴的記錄，包括申訴內容、調查結果、處理決定等。

3. 如果申訴無法透過內部機制解決，組織應有外部仲裁機制，例如:調解委員會等。

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7.4 Complaints

7.4.1 Appropriate mechanisms are in place for resolving complaints and disputes relating to forest management operations, land use rights and work conditions.

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations should provide a clear grievance channel that is easily accessible to employees, labor, local communities, Indigenous peoples and other stakeholders to resolve grievances and disputes related to forest management practices, land tenure and working conditions.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. A complaint handling procedure that explains how to file a grievance, how to investigate the grievance, and how to make a decision.

2. Keep a record of all grievances, including the content of the appeal, the outcome of the investigation, the handling decision, etc.

3. If the grievance cannot be resolved through internal mechanisms, the organization should have an external arbitration mechanism, such as a mediation committee.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.5 & I 7.5.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.5 & I 7.5.1).

7.5 Documented Information文件化資訊

7.5.1 The organization’s management system shall include documented information required by the standard and determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the sustainable forest management system.

7.5.1 組織的經營系統應包括標準所需的文件化資訊，並由組織確定為有效實施永續森林經營系統所必需的資訊。

可能資料的整備：

組織必須將所有符合PEFC標準的資訊以及除標準要求外的其他必要的文件，以文件形式記錄，這些文件化的資訊有助於確保永續森林經營系統的有效運作。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 根據PEFC標準，列出所有需要文件化的資訊，並建立一份完整的文件清單，包括:經營政策、程序書、記錄等。。

2. 建立一套文件管理系統，確保文件的保存、更新和備份。

3. 確保文件之間具有區別與可追溯性，方便查詢和更新。

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7.5 Documented Information

Preparation of possible information:

Organizations shall document all information that complies with the PEFC standard, as well as other necessary documents other than those required by the standard, which helps to ensure the effective functioning of the sustainable forest management system. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. According to the PEFC standard, list all the information that needs to be documented, and establish a complete list of documents, including: management policies, procedures, records, etc.

2. Establish a document management system to ensure that documents are saved, updated, and backed up.

3. Ensure that there is distinction and traceability between documents for easy access and updating.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 7.5 & I 7.5.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 7.5 & I 7.5.2).

7.5 Documented Information文件化資訊

7.5.2 The documented information is relevant, and updated as appropriate, to the activities of the organization.

7.5.2 文件化資訊應與組織的活動相關且根據需要定期更新。

可能資料的整備：

所有文件化的資訊必須與組織的實際運作和森林經營活動直接相關，且文件資訊必須保持最新，以反映組織的變更和最新的森林經營規範。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 確認文件化的資訊與組織的實際運作和森林經營活動直接相關

2. 提供相關文件更新紀錄，顯示每個文件的更新日期、原因和負責人。

3. 建立一個定期審查文件的機制，確保文件內容的準確性和時效性。

4. 對於經常更新的文件，建立版本控制機制，方便追溯修改歷史。確保相關人員都能及時獲得最新的文件。

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7.5 Documented Information

7.5.2 The documented information is relevant, and updated as appropriate, to the activities of the organization.

Preparation of possible information:

All documented information must be directly related to the actual operations of the organization and forest management activities, and the document information must be kept up-to-date to reflect changes in the organization and the latest forest management practices.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. Confirm that the documented information is directly related to the actual operation of the organization and forest management activities, and provide relevant document update records, showing the date, reason and person responsible for each document.

2. Establish a mechanism for periodic review of documents to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of their contents.

3. For frequently updated files, establish a version control mechanism to facilitate the traceability of modification history.

4. Ensure that all relevant personnel have access to the most up-to-date documents.

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