永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 4.5)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 4.5)

關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的整備與其他因素，以備驗證。

Criterion 4.5. The Organization, through engagement with local communities, shall take action to identify, avoid and mitigate significant negative social, environmental and economic impacts of its management activities on affected communities. The action taken shall be proportionate to the scale, intensity and risk of those activities and negative impacts.

準則4.5. 透過當地社區參與，採取行動確認社區因經營活動所遭受社會、環境與經濟重要之負面影響，並加以避免及減緩。行動採取應切合經營活動與負面影響之規模、強度及風險。 

一、可能資料來源的整備：

1.     組織備有經營活動時，對受影響社區的承諾和做法之相關文件，例如:經營計畫書、社區發展計畫、程序書等。

2.     組織的相關實務工作文件，例如:環境影響評估報告、社會影響評估報告、案例等，是否有採取行動以識別、避免和減輕其經營活動的負面影響的做法?

3.     確認居民對組織經營活動的看法，以及他們對組織在識別、避免和減輕其經營活動的負面影響方面的感受。

二、其他因素：

1.     組織是否與受影響社區進行溝通協商，以確定其經營活動的潛在負面影響？在進行訪談時，是否邀請不同群體的人士參加，以獲得更全面的意見?

2.     組織是否制定了識別、避免和減輕其經營活動的負面影響的政策和規定？

3.     組織採取那些措施，以避免和減輕其經營活動的負面影響？

4.     組織有否在識別、避免和減輕其經營活動的負面影響方面做出持續努力？ 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Regarding the standards of FSC FM, its 10 principles and 70 criteria are globally applicable. Therefore, when applying for FSC FM verification, whether in pre-assessment or annual assessment, national, public, and private forest managers may consider the following sources of information and other factors for preparation: 

Criterion 4.5. The Organization, through engagement with local communities, shall take action to identify, avoid and mitigate significant negative social, environmental and economic impacts of its management activities on affected communities. The action taken shall be proportionate to the scale, intensity and risk of those activities and negative impacts.

Possible sources of information:

1. Relevant documents regarding the organization's commitments and practices towards affected communities during management activities, such as operational plans, community development plans, procedural documents, etc.
2. Relevant practical work documents of the organization, such as environmental impact assessment reports, social impact assessment reports, case studies, etc., to determine if actions have been taken to identify, avoid, and mitigate the negative impacts of its management activities.
3. Confirmation of residents' views on the organization's management activities and their feelings towards the organization's efforts in identifying, avoiding, and mitigating the negative impacts of its management activities. 

Other factors:

1. Whether the organization has communicated and negotiated with affected communities to determine the potential negative impacts of its management activities? When conducting interviews, whether individuals from different groups have been invited to obtain more comprehensive opinions?
2. Whether the organization has established policies and regulations to identify, avoid, and mitigate the negative impacts of its management activities?
3. What measures has the organization taken to avoid and mitigate the negative impacts of its management activities?
4. Whether the organization has made continuous efforts in identifying, avoiding, and mitigating the negative impacts of its management activities?