Criterion 4.1. The Organization shall identify the local communities that exist within the Management unit and those that are affected by management activities. The Organization shall then, through engagement with these local communities, identify their rights of tenure, their rights of access to and use of forest resources and ecosystem services, their customary rights and legal rights and obligations that apply within the Management uni.
準則 4.1. 組織應確認在經營單元內或受經營活動影響之當地社區。組織應透過當地社區之參與，確認其所有權、森林資源和生態系服務取得及使用權利、適用於經營單元內法定與習慣之權利和義務。
一、可能資料來源的整備：
1. 相關文件：分析政府機關的檔案、土地所有權圖、歷史文件和其他官方資料，以識別經營單位內部和受經營活動影響的社區。進行套圖，將空間數據（例如土地使用地圖、衛星影像）與社會繪圖技術（參與式繪圖練習）相結合，以直觀地表示社區邊界和資源使用模式。
2. 社區調查：在該區域內進行家庭調查，直接從居民那裡收集有關其社區成員身份、土地所有權和資源使用的資訊。或對關鍵人物進行深入訪談，了解他們的個人經歷、傳統知識以及對資源使用和權利的看法。或進行焦點小組討論：與不同社區成員的進行焦點座談，收集對其權利、需求和關注的集體觀點。
3. 專家訪談：採訪對該地區有了解的當地非政府組織、學者、政府官員和耆老，以深入了解現有社區及其習慣權。
二、 其他因素：
1. 確保代表性：與不同社區成員（年齡、性別、社會群體）互動，以了解他們對社區之權利和觀點。
2. 在整個數據收集和分析過程中，需徵得知情同意並尊重文化敏感性。
3. 結合初級資料（調查）與次級資料（訪談、觀察）的收集整理，以獲得較完整的了解。
4. 最好能與社區成員分享初步結果以獲取反饋，促進往後的合作事宜。
具體的方式可以根據現況進行調整。例如，在進行社區調查時，可以使用問卷、訪談、觀察等多種方法。在進行專家訪談時，可以邀請不同領域的專家參加，以獲得更全面的意見。Regarding the FSC FM standard, its 10 principles and 70 criteria are globally applicable. Therefore, when applying for FSC FM verification, whether for pre-assessment or annual review, forest management operators in the public, private, and governmental sectors can consider the following sources of data collection and other factors for verification:
Criterion 4.1. The Organization shall identify the local communities that exist within the Management unit and those that are affected by management activities. The Organization shall then, through engagement with these local communities, identify their rights of tenure, their rights of access to and use of forest resources and ecosystem services, their customary rights and legal rights and obligations that apply within the Management unit.
Possible
sources of data compilation:
1. Relevant documents:
Analyze governmental archives, land ownership maps, historical records, and
other official data to identify communities within the management unit and
those affected by management activities. Conduct mapping exercises, combining
spatial data (such as land use maps, satellite imagery) with social mapping
techniques (participatory mapping exercises) to identify community
boundaries and resource use patterns.
2. Community surveys: Conduct
household surveys within the area to directly gather information from residents
regarding their community membership, land ownership, and resource use. Or
conduct in-depth interviews with key individuals to understand their personal
experiences, traditional knowledge, and perspectives on resource use and
rights. Or conduct focus group discussions: Engage in focus group discussions
with different community members to gather collective perspectives on their
rights, needs, and concerns.
3. Expert interviews: Interview local non-governmental organizations, scholars, government officials, and elders familiar with the area to gain deeper insights into existing communities and their customary rights.
Other
factors:
1. Ensuring representation:
Interact with different community members (varying by age, gender, social
groups) to understand their rights and perspectives on the community.
2. Obtain informed consent and
respect cultural sensitivities throughout the data collection and analysis
process.
3. Integrate primary data (surveys)
with secondary data (interviews, observations) collection and compilation to
gain a more comprehensive understanding.
4. Ideally, share preliminary findings with community members to obtain feedback and facilitate future cooperation.
Specific approaches can be adjusted based on the circumstances. For example, various methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations can be used during community surveys. When conducting expert interviews, experts from different fields can be invited to provide a more comprehensive range of opinions.
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