永續森林經營發生的二三事...FSC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 4.2)From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for FSC Forest Management Criteria(C 4.2)

 關於FSC FM的標準，其10項原則與70項準則，是屬全球性通用的。因此國、公、私有林經營者，在申請FSC FM驗證的預審或年審時，可以考慮以下資料來源的收集與注意事項，以備驗證。

Criterion 4.2. The Organization shall recognize and uphold the legal and customary rights of local communities to maintain control over management activities within or related to the Management unit to the extent necessary to protect their rights, resources, lands and territories. Delegation by local communities of control over management activities to third parties requires Free, prior and informed consent.

準則 4.2. 組織維護經營單元內及周遭相關經營活動之控管，應認同並維護當地社區法定與習慣權利，在必要時須保護當地社區權利、資源、土地及領域。當當地社區將經營活動的管控權利授予第三方時，須是自願並事前知情同意。

 一、可能資料來源的整備： 

1. 延續準則4.1的資料收集，同時組織應準備相關文件，例如:經營計畫書、相關程序、報告或政策，有否載明組織對當地社區權利的承諾和做法?這些承諾和做法，有否依據相關法律和人權框架來的尊重和保障當地社區權利?

2. 組織在經營活動中，有否與當地社區進行溝通協商?有否尊重當地社區的傳統和習慣?有否在保護當地社區權利的同時促進當地社會的經濟和社會發展?

3. 組織有否提供具體案例，說明在什麼特定情況下，有對當地社區權利的處理方式?

二、其他因素： 

1. 組織的經營活動，不違反當地社區法定與習慣權利。

2. 有否以自願並事前知情同意(FPIC)，與當地社區進行溝通協商?

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Regarding the FSC FM standard, its 10 principles and 70 criteria are globally applicable. Therefore, forest management operators in the public, private, and governmental sectors, when applying for FSC FM verification during pre-assessment or annual review, can consider the following data sources for collection and considerations for verification: 

Criterion 4.2. The Organization shall recognize and uphold the legal and customary rights of local communities to maintain control over management activities within or related to the Management unit to the extent necessary to protect their rights, resources, lands and territories. Delegation by local communities of control over management activities to third parties requires Free, prior and informed consent. 

Possible sources of data compilation:

1. Building upon the data collection outlined in Criterion 4.1, the organization should also prepare relevant documents such as management plans, procedures, reports, or policies. Do these documents outline the organization's commitments and practices regarding the rights of local communities? Are these commitments and practices respectful and protective of the rights of local communities based on relevant legal and human rights frameworks?

2. Has the organization engaged in communication and negotiation with local communities during management activities? Has it respected the traditions and customs of local communities? Has it promoted economic and social development within the local community while protecting their rights?

3. Has the organization provided specific examples illustrating how it addresses the rights of local communities under particular circumstances? 

Other factors:

1. The organization's management activities do not violate the legal and customary rights of local communities.

2. Has the organization engaged in communication and negotiation with local communities using Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)?