有關永續的、可持續性的森林經營...

2024年11月14日星期四

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.2).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求，其他內容請參考https://sustainableforest.blogspot.com/。

10. Improvement

10. 改善

10.2. Continual improvement

The organization shall continuously improve suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the sustainable forest management system and its implementation.

10.2 持續改善

組織應持續改善永續森林經營系統及其實施的適宜性、充分性和有效性。

可能資料的整備：

組織不能僅止於滿足現有的要求，而應該不斷尋求改進，以提升森林經營的整體表現。改善的範圍不僅僅是經營系統本身，還包括其實施的適宜性、充分性、有效性，意即經營系統是否適合組織的實際情況、是否涵蓋了所有必要的要素，以及是否能夠達到預期的目標。因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 經營及稽核結果審查會議記錄、決議事項、改善計畫等。

2. 持續追蹤與監測永續森林經營相關的績效指標，例如:與環境價值相關的森林資源調查、森林覆蓋率、生物多樣性、碳儲存等，與社會價值相關的勞工、社區、原住民指標以及與經濟相關的木質與非木質林產品生產及生態系統服務維護與恢復指標等。

3. 配合經營及稽核結果分析，制定下期經營的調適計畫，包括:目標、措施、責任人、時程等。

4. 組織持續對員工進行培訓，以提升其能力和意識。

5. 顯示組織在森林經營方面所進行的創新活動，例如:試驗新的疫病處理方法或導入新技術，如伐採、工程等技術。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified. For more information, please refer to https://sustainableforest.blogspot.com/.

10. Improvement

10.2. Continual improvement

The organization shall continuously improve suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the sustainable forest management system and its implementation.

Preparation of possible information:

Organization should not stop at meeting existing requirements, but should constantly seek improvements to improve the overall performance of forest management. The scope of improvement is not only the management system itself, but also the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of its implementation, that is, whether the management system is suitable for the actual situation of the organization, whether it covers all the necessary elements, and whether it can achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following materials:

1. Provide management and audit results review meeting records, resolutions, improvement plans, etc.

2. Continuously track and monitor performance indicators related to sustainable forest management, such as forest resource survey, forest cover, biodiversity, carbon storage related to environmental value; labor, community, indigenous peoples indicators related to social value, and economically related indicators of wood and non-wood forest product production and ecosystem service maintenance and restoration.

3. Cooperate with the analysis of operation and audit results, formulate an adaptive plan for the next operation, including: objectives, measures, responsible persons, schedule, etc.

4. The organization conducts continuous training for employees to enhance their competence and awareness.

5. Shows the innovative activities carried out by the organization in forest management, such as experimenting with new disease treatment methods or introducing new technologies such as logging and engineering technologies.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.3).

10. Improvement

10. 改善

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.3. The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of

a) the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken;

b) the results of any corrective action.

10.1.3 組織應保留文件化資訊，作為以下方面的證據：

a) 不符合項的本質及其後續採取的行動；

b) 任何糾正措施的結果。

可能資料的整備：

組織需要保存所有關於不符合項的相關文件，作為日後稽核或審查的依據。透過保留詳細的記錄，可以清楚地展示組織對於問題的處理過程和結果。因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供不符合項的描述說明、發生時間、地點、影響範圍等。

2. 提供針對不符合項所採取的糾正措施、責任人、完成期限等。

3. 提供糾正措施實施記錄，包括：效果評估、相關人員簽名等。

4. 如果糾正措施涉及到經營系統的修改，應有相應的文件更新記錄。

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10. Improvement

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.3. The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of:

a) the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken;

b) the results of any corrective action.

Preparation of possible information:

Organization is required to keep all relevant documentation on non-conformities as a basis for future audits or reviews. By keeping detailed records, organization clearly show how the problem was handled and what it was resulting in. Therefore, organizations should prepare the following data:

1. Provide a description of the nonconformance, when it occurred, where it occurred, and where it was affected.

2. Provide corrective actions taken for non-conformities, responsible persons, deadlines for completion, etc.

3. Provide corrective action implementation records, including: effect evaluation, signatures of relevant personnel, etc.

4. If the corrective action involves a modification of the management system, there should be a corresponding document update record.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.2).

10. Improvement

10. 改善

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.2. The organization shall take corrective actions, appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered.

10.1.2 組織應根據所遇到的不符合項的影響採取適當的糾正措施。

可能資料的整備：

對於發現的不符合項，組織應根據其嚴重程度和影響範圍，制定相應的糾正措施。糾正措施的規模和複雜程度應與不符合項的嚴重性成比例。採取的糾正措施必須能夠有效地消除不符合項，並防止其再次發生。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 對於每個不符合項，組織應有評估或會議紀錄，包括:不符合項的影響程度、潛在風險等。以及制定相關的糾正措施，內容可以包括，措施負責人、完成期限等。

2. 對於每個糾正措施，組織應有詳細的實施記錄，包括措施的執行情況、效果評估等。

3. 如果糾正措施涉及到經營系統文件的修改，組織應有相應的文件更新記錄。

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10. Improvement

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.2. The organization shall take corrective actions, appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered.

Preparation of possible information:

For non-conformities found, the organization should develop corrective actions based on their severity and scope of impact. The size and complexity of the corrective action should be proportional to the severity of the nonconformity. The corrective actions taken must be effective in eliminating non-conformities and preventing their recurrence. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following data:

1. For each non-conformity, the organization should have an assessment or meeting records, including: the degree of impact of the non-conformity, the potential risks, etc. and the formulation of relevant corrective actions, which may include, the person responsible for the action, the deadline for completion, etc.

2. For each corrective action, the organization should have a detailed implementation record, including the implementation of the action, the evaluation of the effect, etc.

3. If the corrective action involves a modification of the management system documents, the organization should have a corresponding document update records

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.1).

10. Improvement

10. 改善

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.1 The standard requires that when a nonconformity occurs, the organization shall:

a) react to the nonconformity and, as applicable:

1) take action to control and correct it;

2) deal with the consequences;

b) evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of the nonconformity, in order to prevent recurrence or occurrence elsewhere by:

1) reviewing the nonconformity;

2) determining the causes of the nonconformity;

3) determining if similar nonconformities exist, or could potentially occur;

c) implement any action needed;

d) review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken;

e) make changes to the management system, if necessary.

10.1 不符合項和糾正措施

10.1.1 當發生不符合項時，組織應：

a) 對不符合項作出反應，並在適用的情況下： 1) 採取行動進行控制和糾正； 2) 處理不符合項的後果；

b) 評估消除不符合項原因的行動需求，以防止其再次發生或在其他地方發生，透過： 1). 審查不符合項； 2). 確定不符合項的原因； 3). 確定是否存在類似的不符合項，或是否可能發生；

c) 實施所需的任何行動；

d) 審查所採取糾正措施的有效性；

e) 必要時對經營系統進行變更。

可能資料的整備：

當發現不符合項時，組織應採取措施，以控制和糾正問題。不僅要解決眼前的問題，還要找到問題的根本原因，並採取措施防止再次發生。透過不符合項的分析和糾正，持續改進經營系統。因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 每次發現不符合項時的自我評估報告或內、外稽核報告，包括:不符合項的描述、原因分析、糾正措施和處理情況的評估等。

2. 針對每一個不符合項所採取的糾正措施的記錄，包括:措施的實施情況、效果評估等。

3. 必要時，提供針對不符合項所需進行的經營系統修訂的記錄。

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10. Improvement

10.1. Nonconformity and corrective action of nonconformity:

10.1.1 The standard requires that when a nonconformity occurs, the organization shall:

a) react to the nonconformity and, as applicable:

1) take action to control and correct it;

2) deal with the consequences;

b) evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of the nonconformity, in order to prevent recurrence or occurrence elsewhere by:

1) reviewing the nonconformity;

2) determining the causes of the nonconformity;

3) determining if similar nonconformities exist, or could potentially occur;

c) implement any action needed;

d) review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken;

e) make changes to the management system, if necessary.

Preparation of possible information:

When a non-conformance is discovered, the organization should take action to control and correct the problem. It is important not only to solve the problem, but also to find the root cause of the problem and take steps to prevent it from happening again. Continuously improve the management system through the analysis and correction of non-conformities. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1. Self-assessment report or internal and external audit report when each non-conformity is found, including: description of the non-conformity, analysis of the causes, evaluation of corrective actions and treatment, etc.

2. A record of the corrective actions taken for each non-conformity, including: the implementation of the measures, the evaluation of the effects, etc.

3. A record of the management system revisions required for non-conformities (if necessary)

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 9.2 & I 9.2.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 9.2 & I 9.2.12).

9. Performance evaluation績效評估

9.2 Internal audit內部稽核

9.2.2 Organization

The organization shall:

a) plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s) including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting, which shall take into consideration the importance of the processes concerned and the results of previous audits;

b) define the audit criteria and scope for each audit;

c) select the auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process;

d) ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management;

e) retain documented information as evidence of the implementation of the audit programme and the audit results.

9.2.2 組織

組織應：

a) 計畫、建立、實施和維護稽核計畫，包括頻率、方法、責任、計畫要求和報告，並考慮相關過程的重要性和先前稽核的結果；

b) 為每一次稽核定義稽核準則和範圍；

c) 選擇稽核員並進行稽核，以確保稽核過程的客觀性和公正性；

d) 確保稽核結果報告給相關管理層；

e) 保留文件化資訊，以作為稽核計畫實施和稽核結果的證據。

可能資料的整備：

組織應建立一套完善的內部稽核制度，包括稽核計畫、稽核程序、稽核人員等。稽核人員應獨立於被稽核部門，確保稽核的客觀性。稽核應不僅檢查是否符合標準，還應評估經營系統的有效性。稽核結果應作為改善經營系統的基礎。因此組織應準備以下資料：

1. 提供內部稽核程序書或計畫書，包括稽核範圍、頻率、稽核員資格、稽核程序等。

2. 內部歷次稽核的記錄，包括:稽核發現、不符合項、糾正措施等。

3. 稽核員的資格證書或培訓記錄。

4. 提供內部稽核的報告，包括稽核結論、不符合項、糾正措施等。

5. 管理層對稽核結果的審查記錄，以及對經營系統的改進決策。

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9. Performance evaluation

9.2 Internal audit

9.2.2 Organization

The organization shall:

b) define the audit criteria and scope for each audit;

c) select the auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process;

d) ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management;

e) retain documented information as evidence of the implementation of the audit programme and the audit results.

Preparation of possible information:

The organization should establish a complete internal audit system, including audit plan, audit procedures, auditors, etc. The auditor should be independent of the audited department to ensure the objectivity of the audit. Audits should not only check compliance with standards, but also evaluate the effectiveness of the management system. The results of the audit should be used as the basis for the improvement of the management system. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1. Provide an internal audit procedure or plan, including the audit scope, frequency, auditor qualifications, audit procedures, etc.

2. Provide records of previous internal audits, including: audit findings, non-conformities, corrective actions, etc.

3. Auditor's qualification certificate or training record.

4. Provide internal audit reports, including audit conclusions, non-conformities, corrective actions, etc.

5. Management level's review of audit results and decision-making on management system improvements.

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2024年11月14日 星期四

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.2).

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.3).

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.2).

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 10.1 & I 10.1.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 10.1 & I 10.1.1).

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 9.2 & I 9.2.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria(C 9.2 & I 9.2.12).

2024年11月14日星期四