永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.3)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.3).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land. 與森林土地相關的法律、習慣和傳統權利。

6.3.2.3 Forest practices and operations shall respect human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights.

6.3.2.3 森林實務和操作應尊重《世界人權宣言》所定義的人權。

可能資料的整備：

           所有參與森林經營的組織和個人在森林經營實踐和運營，應尊重所有人的基本人權，不論其身份、種族、性別或其他差異。森林經營活動必須符合《世界人權宣言》所規定的最低標準。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.        組織應制定一份明確的人權政策，闡述組織對人權的承諾，政策內容應包括:禁止歧視、保障勞工權益、尊重當地社區、保護環境等。

2.        評估森林經營活動對人權可能造成的潛在影響，並制定相應的預防措施。

3.        提供員工的人權教育訓練紀錄，確保員工了解並遵守人權原則。

4.        建立一個有效的投訴機制，讓員工和利害相關者能夠提出有關人權問題的申訴。

5.        如果發生侵犯人權事件，應有明確的糾正措施和責任追究機制。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land.

6.3.2.3 Forest practices and operations shall respect human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights.

Preparation of possible information:

        Organization and individuals involved in forest management shall respect the fundamental human rights of all people, regardless of their status, race, gender or other differences, in their forest management practices and operations. Forest management activities must comply with the minimum standards set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1.        The organization should develop a clear human rights policy that outlines the organization's commitment to human rights, including the prohibition of discrimination, the protection of labor rights, respect for local communities, and the protection of the environment.

2.        Assess the potential human rights impacts of forest management activities and develop preventive measures accordingly.

3.        Provide employees with records of human rights education and training to ensure that employees understand and comply with human rights principles.

4.        Establish an effective complaint mechanism for employees and stakeholders to raise complaints about human rights issues.

5.     In the event of human rights violations, there should be clear corrective measures and accountability mechanisms.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.2)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.2).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land. 與森林土地相關的法律、習慣和傳統權利。

6.3.2.2 Forest practices and operations shall be conducted in recognition of the established framework of legal, customary and traditional rights such as outlined in ILO 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which shall not be infringed upon without the free, prior and informed consent of the holders of the rights, including the provision of compensation where applicable. Where the extent of rights is not yet resolved, or is in dispute, there are processes for just and fair resolution. In such cases forest managers shall, in the interim, provide meaningful opportunities for parties to be engaged in forest management decisions whilst respecting the processes and roles and responsibilities laid out in the policies and laws where the certification takes place.

6.3.2.2 森林實務和操作必須承認已建立的法律、習俗和傳統權利框架，如國際勞工組織第169號公約和聯合國《原住民族權利宣言》所述，不得未經權利擁有者在其自由、事前且知情同意而侵犯之，並在適用的情況下提供補償。在權利範圍尚未解決或存在爭議的情況下，應有公正和合理的解決過程。在此期間，森林經營者應在尊重政策和法律所規定的過程、角色和責任的同時，為各方提供參與森林經營決策的有意義機會。

可能資料的整備：

        組織在森林經營實務和運營應承認既定的法律、習俗和傳統權利，如: ILO 169和聯合國原住民權利宣言所概述，未經權利擁有者的自由、事前和知情同意，不得侵犯這些權利，並在適用的情況下提供補償。當權利範圍尚未解決或存在爭議時，應有公正公平的解決程序。在這種情況下，森林經營者應在尊重政策和法律規定的程序、角色和責任的同時，為各方參與森林經營決策提供有意義的機會。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.        識別及尊重所有可能受到森林經營活動影響的權利主體，包括:原住民、當地社區的法律、習俗和傳統權利等。

2.        保存與權利主體溝通協商的紀錄，包括會議記錄、協議等，如果涉及到權利人的同意，應提供相關的同意文件。

3.        組織應建立或參與相關的爭議解決機制，確保權利爭議能得到公平處理。

4.        如果存在權利爭議，應提供相關的參與機制，讓利害相關方參與決策。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land.

6.3.2.2 Forest practices and operations shall be conducted in recognition of the established framework of legal, customary and traditional rights such as outlined in ILO 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which shall not be infringed upon without the free, prior and informed consent of the holders of the rights, including the provision of compensation where applicable. Where the extent of rights is not yet resolved, or is in dispute, there are processes for just and fair resolution. In such cases forest managers shall, in the interim, provide meaningful opportunities for parties to be engaged in forest management decisions whilst respecting the processes and roles and responsibilities laid out in the policies and laws where the certification takes place.

Preparation of possible information:

        Organization in their forest management practices and operations should recognize established legal, customary and traditional rights, as outlined in ILO 169 and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and shall not infringe these rights without the free, prior and informed consent of the rights holders, and provide compensation where applicable. When the scope of rights has not been resolved or there is a dispute, there should be a fair and equitable resolution procedure. In such cases, forest managers should provide meaningful opportunities for all parties to participate in forest management decisions, while respecting the procedures, roles and responsibilities set out in policies and laws.

Therefore, organizations should prepare the following information:

1.        Identify and respect all rights subjects that may be affected by forest management activities, including the legal, customary and traditional rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

2.        Keep records of communication and negotiation with the right holder, including meeting minutes, agreements, etc., and provide relevant consent documents if the consent of the right holder is involved.

3.        Organizations should establish or participate in relevant dispute resolution mechanisms to ensure that rights disputes are handled fairly.

4.        If there is a dispute over rights, relevant participatory mechanisms should be provided to involve stakeholders in decision-making.

永續森林經營發生的二三事...PEFC 森林經營準則的實務整備(C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.1)。From the Concepts of Sustainable Forest Management to Reality: Practical Steps for PEFC Forest Management Criteria (C 6.3 & I 6.3.2 & S 6.3.2.1).

PEFC（Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification，森林驗證認可計畫）與FSC (Forest Stewardship Council，森林經營委員會)，同為全球兩大森林驗證系統。全球林業經營者，在追求森林的永續經營上，所採用的經營標準內容，有否差異呢?我們將瞭解PEFC的驗證框架之原則與準則內容，及如何準備PEFC驗證的要求。

6.3 Compliance requirements符合性要求

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land. 與森林土地相關的法律、習慣和傳統權利。

6.3.2.1 The property rights, tree ownership and land tenure arrangements shall be clearly defined, documented and established for the relevant management unit. Likewise, legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land shall be clarified, recognized and respected.

Note: Guidance for the handling of tenure arrangements can be obtained from the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security.

6.3.2.1相關經營單位應財產權、樹木所有權和土地所有權的安排，清楚定義、文件化和建立。同樣地，與森林土地相關的法律、習慣和傳統權利應明確、承認和尊重。

註：有關土地所有權安排的處理指南，可參考FAO《負責任治理土地所有權、漁業和森林以實現國家糧食安全的自願指南》。

可能資料的整備：

        相關的經營單位應清楚界定、文件化並建立財產權、樹木所有權和土地佔有安排。同樣地，與森林土地相關的法律、習俗和傳統權利應被澄清、承認和尊重。

因此組織應準備以下資料：

1.        提供所有相關的土地所有權屬文件、租賃協議等。

2.        如果涉及原住民或當地社區的傳統權利，應提供相關的協議或FPIC文件。

3.        提供詳細的圖示，清楚標示出不同權利主體的土地範圍。

4.        如果存在多個權利主體，應說明組織如何處理權利衝突。

5.        如果涉及到當地社區，應提供與社區溝通協商的記錄，證明組織尊重社區的權益。

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PEFC and FSC are the two biggest names in forest certification. So, what's the difference between these two systems? Are they asking forest managers to do completely different things to get certified? Let's dive into PEFC and see what it takes to get certified:

6.3 Compliance requirements

6.3.2 Legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land. 

6.3.2.1 The property rights, tree ownership and land tenure arrangements shall be clearly defined, documented and established for the relevant management unit. Likewise, legal, customary and traditional rights related to the forest land shall be clarified, recognized and respected.

Note: Guidance for the handling of tenure arrangements can be obtained from the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security.

Preparation of possible information:

        The relevant management units should clearly define, document and establish property rights, tree ownership and land tenure arrangements. Similarly, legal, customary and traditional rights related to forest lands should be clarified, recognized and respected. Therefore, the organization should prepare the following information:

1.        Provide all relevant land ownership documents, lease agreements, etc.

2.        If the traditional rights of indigenous peoples or local communities are involved, the relevant agreements or FPIC documents should be provided.

3.        Provide detailed maps that clearly indicate the extent of land for different rights holders.

4.        If there are multiple rights holders, you should explain how your organization handles rights conflicts.

5.        If local communities are involved, a record of communication and consultation with the community should be provided to demonstrate that the organization respects the rights and interests of the community.